Racial Discrimination and Risk Behavior Among African American Young Adults

非裔美国年轻人的种族歧视和危险行为

• 批准号: 8702293
• 负责人: Cristina Maria Risco
• 金额: $ 11.4万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8702293
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; African American; Age; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Attention; Attitude; Behavior; Behavior assessment; Buffers; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Discrimination; Drug abuse; Economics; Ethnic group; Frequencies; Future; Health; Health Resources; Hylobates Genus; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Life; Measures; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Population; Process; Race; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Self Concept; Specificity; Staging; Strategic Planning; Stress; Stress Tests; Substance Addiction; Substance abuse problem; Underserved Population; Work; analog; base; demographics; experience; innovation; novel; novel strategies; psychosocial; public health priorities; public health relevance; racial and ethnic; racial discrimination; racism; social; social stigma; stressor; tobacco abuse; virtual; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): African American young adults represent a population highly vulnerable to risk behavior including substance use and dependence. Despite the urgency of this vulnerability, there remains limited understanding of the unique factors that underlie risk behavior among this population. Research indicates that racial discrimination is a key variable contributing to the emergence of risk behavior among African American young adults, with particular relevance of racial discrimination in the form of social rejection. Moreove, it has been suggested that the robustness of this relationship may be influenced by one's racial identity, with some evidence indicating that the impact of racial discrimination on risk behavior may be buffered as a function of a more integrated racial identity. Towards this end, this application proposes to examine the impact of racial discrimination in the form of stress ensuing from an experience of social rejection on risk-taking propensity among African American young adults. Specifically, we compare risk-taking propensity on a laboratory measure of risk taking after completing a virtual analogue of social rejection (i.e., Cyberball). Social rejection will be manifested in either a standard format (general social rejection stress), a format that highlights racial discrimination (discrimination- specific social rejection stress), or not manifested in a no stress condition. Moreover, we aim to understand protective factors in the context of discrimination-specific social rejection stress by testing the potential moderating effect of racia identity (high integrated identity vs. low integrated identity). We hypothesize risk taking will be greater for those in the general social rejection stress condition compared to those in the no stress condition, regardless of racial identity integration. Moreover, for those in the discrimination-specific social rejection stress condition, risk taking will be moderated by level o integrated racial identity; specifically, risk taking for this group will be lower than the general social rejection stress group and equal to the no stress group for those with high integrated identity and higher than both of these groups for those with low integrated identity. The significance of this innovative study lies in: 1) use of a laboratory-based setting which limits th impact of confounding variables, 2) use of a well validated and novel behavioral assessment that has been shown to be related to risk taking including substance use, 3) potential isolation of a theoretically-relevant protective factor for reducing risk taking behavior, and 4) impact on future work expanding the assessment to real world risk behavior. Consistent with NIDA's strategic plan to better understand substance abuse among racial/ethnic minorities, the findings from the proposed study will be also used to demonstrate feasibility and supporting evidence for a future R21 that will expand this research to include larger samples of African Americans as well as other racial/ethnic minority groups to examine the specificity of this model. Thus, the proposed research represents the first step in addressing an important vulnerability factor for African American young adults and risk taking, and could suggest an intervention target that is currently underutilized.

描述（由申请人提供）：非裔美国年轻人是一个极易遭受危险行为（包括物质使用和依赖）的人群。尽管这一脆弱性十分紧迫，但对该人群风险行为背后的独特因素的了解仍然有限。研究表明，种族歧视是导致非洲裔美国年轻人出现危险行为的一个关键变量，特别是与社会排斥形式的种族歧视相关。此外，有人提出，这种关系的稳健性可能会受到一个人的种族身份的影响，一些证据表明，种族歧视对危险行为的影响可能会随着更加一体化的种族身份而得到缓冲。为此，本申请建议研究种族歧视的影响，这种歧视以社会排斥经历所产生的压力的形式对非裔美国年轻人的冒险倾向产生影响。具体来说，我们在完成社会拒绝的虚拟模拟（即网络球）后，通过实验室的风险承担测量来比较冒险倾向。社会排斥将会 以标准格式（一般社会排斥压力）、强调种族歧视（特定歧视的社会排斥压力）的格式或不以“不”的形式表现出来。 应激状态。此外，我们的目标是通过测试种族身份（高整合身份与低整合身份）的潜在调节作用，了解特定歧视的社会排斥压力背景下的保护因素。我们假设冒险将是 无论种族身份融合如何，与无压力条件下的人相比，处于一般社会拒绝压力条件下的人的影响更大。此外，对于那些处于特定歧视的社会排斥压力条件下的人，冒险行为将根据综合种族认同水平进行调节；具体来说，该群体的风险承担程度将低于一般群体 对于那些具有高整合认同的人来说，社会排斥压力组与无压力组相等，而对于那些具有低整合认同的人来说，社会排斥压力组高于这两个组。这项创新研究的意义在于：1）使用基于实验室的环境，限制混杂变量的影响，2）使用经过充分验证的新颖行为评估，该评估已被证明与包括物质使用在内的风险承担相关, 3) 电位隔离 减少冒险行为的理论上相关的保护因素，以及 4）对未来工作的影响，将评估扩展到现实世界的风险行为。与 NIDA 更好地了解少数种族/族裔中药物滥用的战略计划相一致，拟议研究的结果还将用于证明未来 R21 的可行性和支持证据，该 R21 将扩大这项研究以包括更多的非裔美国人样本与其他种族/族裔群体一样来检验该模型的特殊性。因此，拟议的研究代表了解决非裔美国年轻人和冒险的重要脆弱因素的第一步，并可能提出目前未得到充分利用的干预目标。