Capacity Enhancement Core

能力增强核心

基本信息

批准号：
7621112
负责人：
PATRICIA CHAMBERLAIN
金额：
$ 63.48万
依托单位：
OREGON SOCIAL LEARNING CENTER, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-09-15 至 2013-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7621112
关键词：
Address Adolescent Adoption Adult Affect Alleles Appendix Applications Grants Area Arts Attention Birth Budgets Caregivers Caring Characteristics Child Child Abuse Child Welfare Collaborations Communities Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Data Data Set Development Disruption Disruptive Behavior Disorder Drug abuse Economics Education England Environment Evaluation Evidence based practice Evidence based program Face Failure Family Fathers Fostering Foundations Funding Future Genes Genetic Genetic Polymorphism Genetic Processes Genetic Risk Genetic Variation Geography Goals Government HPSE gene Hydrocortisone Intervention Intervention Studies Intervention Trial Investigation Justice Knowledge Lead Legal Link Measurement Measures Mediating Mediator of activation protein Mentors Methodology Methods Modification Molecular Genetics Mothers NIH Program Announcements National Institute of Drug Abuse Neurobiology Numbers Oregon Outcome Parents Pathway interactions Pharmaceutical Preparations Pilot Projects Placement Policies Population Prefrontal Cortex Prevention Research Prevention program Preventive Preventive Intervention Process Productivity Puberty Public Health Public Sector Publications Published Comment Purpose Randomized Range Receptor Gene Recording of previous events Regulation Relative (related person)Research Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Research Project Grants Resource Sharing Risk Role Sampling Science Scientist Series Services Short-Term Memory Specific qualifier value Standards of Weights and Measures Stress Sum System Text Time Training Translations Trauma United States National Institutes of Health Universities Ursidae Family Variant Wages Work adopted child base career cost depressive symptoms design drug abuse prevention early childhood economic value effectiveness trial efficacy trial executive function experience foster care foster child hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis improved innovation interest male mental health education multidisciplinary neglect next generation programs prospective ranpirnase receptor research and development research study resilience size skills theories therapy design time use tool trend ward

项目摘要

Introduction to the Capacity Enhancement Core Section This is the first revision of a NIDA P30 proposal for a Center for Drug Abuse Prevention in the Child Welfare System (CDAP-CWS). The reviewers noted many strengths, as well as some limitations, of this Core in the original proposal. Strengths included creative strategies for incorporating the proposed focus areas into current and future studies, appropriate conceptual and operational approaches for the focus areas selected, and the high potential public health significance of the focus areas. The experience and past productivity of the research team and the record of mentoring early career scientists were also seen as strengths. Concerns identified by one or more reviewer involved the following: a question about the value to CWS policy and practice of pubertal development as a focus area, a question about the innovativeness of the costing focus area, concerns about synergy across the three focus areas, questions about the adequacy of the existing data/measures for conducting proposed analyses and generalizability due to truncated samples, concerns about the lack of specification of mechanisms to support the development of new innovative projects, and budget questions about the size of the subcontracts and the allocation of PI time. We are grateful to the reviewers for their careful review and helpful comments. In addressing the concerns, we have made modifications to the Capacity Enhancement Core that we believe have resulted in a stronger, more relevant plan for building a program of CWS drug abuse prevention research that has the potential to be informative and relevant to CWS researchers, practitioners, and policy leaders. Please note that, because substantial changes were made in this section of the revised application, we have not marked changed text in any way. 1. Selection of Focus Areas for the Capacity Enhancement Core. Reviewer 3 noted that the focus on pubertal development, although scientifically interesting, was narrow and lacked direct relevance to the CWS, especially in terms of implications for Type 2 translation of science into practice. Although this concern was not shared by the other two reviewers, upon consideration we determined that it would be advantageous to replace the pubertal development work with a more broad focus on stress neurobiology and genetics as predictors, mediators, and moderators of drug abuse and related problems. As is described in this focus area, emerging work in this more general area of research has direct relevance within the CWS for services and policy and will inform the next generation of randomized intervention trials. Moreover, it is an area in which we already have expertise within our research group. For example, Fisher's work on the HPA axis has shown alterations among children in foster care, with atypical diurnal cortisol levels being prevalent among children who experienced caregiver neglect. However, participation in the Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care for Preschoolers intervention resulted in increased regulation of the HPA axis relative to children in regular foster care (Fisher et al., 2007). Fisher and colleagues have also begun to examine prefrontal cortex activity in foster children because of the link between particular executive functions that are known to emanate from the prefrontal cortex (e.g., inhibitory control, attention, and working memory) and to relate to drug abuse and disruptive behavior disorders (Fisher, Gunnar, et al., 2006). In Pilot 2, proposed by Center early career investigator Saldana in collaboration with Fisher, we extend this work to examine executive attention via the Attention Network Task in mothers who abuse drugs. We hypothesize that deficits in executive attention will predict low responsiveness to treatments designed improve parenting and deter drug abuse. New work on gene variants also holds promise for CWS drug abuse prevention research. Center Co-l Leve is at the forefront of this work. Her prospective adoption study (359 sets of adoptive parents, their adopted child, and the child's birth parents) has the potential to inform CWS practice and policy in two ways: by detailing specific environmental processes that could be brought to bear in early childhood that can help offset genetic risk and lead to resilient adjustment in children and by detailing specific genetically influenced characteristics (e.g., sociability and persistence) that can increase child resilience even in the face of early adversity (Leve et al., 2007). Our work in this area will benefit from the rapid advances in knowledge that are occurring in the field of molecular genetics. For example, Bradley and colleagues (2008) recently found that child abuse and trauma were less likely to result in adult depressive symptoms in the presence of genetic polymorphisms within the corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor (CRHR1) gene. This finding suggests that Gene x Environment interaction is important for the expression of depressive symptoms in adults with CRHR1 risk or protective alleles who have a history of child abuse. Thus, in place of the more narrow focus on puberty in the prior proposal, we now plan to build on the knowledge that exists within our center and infuse our collective program of current and future CWS drug abuse prevention research with methods and measures of neurobiological and genetic mechanisms of risk and resilience. This will be accomplished through training of our Center scientists and sharing state-of-the-art work in this focus area with CWS practitioners and policy leaders.

容量增强核心部分简介这是NIDA P30提案的第一次修订，以预防儿童药物滥用中心福利系统（CDAP-CWS）。审稿人注意到该核心的许多优势以及一些局限性在原始建议中。优势包括将拟议的重点领域纳入的创意策略当前和未来的研究，针对选定的重点领域的适当概念和操作方法，以及重点领域的高潜在公共卫生意义。经验和过去的生产力研究团队和指导早期职业科学家的记录也被视为优势。一个或多个审阅者确定的疑虑涉及以下内容：有关CWS价值的问题青春期发展作为重点领域的政策和实践，这是关于构成重点领域，对三个重点领域的协同作用的担忧，有关适当性的问题现有的数据/措施，用于进行拟议的分析和由于截短的样本而引起的概括性，担心缺乏支持新创新项目发展的机制的规范，和预算有关分包合同规模和PI时间分配的问题。我们感谢评论者仔细的审查和有用的评论。在解决问题时，我们提出了修改能力增强核心，我们认为这会导致更强大，更相关构建CWS药物滥用预防研究计划的计划，该计划有可能获得信息与CWS研究人员，从业人员和政策领导者有关。请注意，因为很大在修订的应用程序的这一部分中进行了更改，我们尚未以任何方式标记更改文本。 1。为增强核心核心的焦点区域选择。评论者3指出，重点青春期的发展虽然科学有趣，但却很狭窄，并且与CWS缺乏直接相关性，但特别是在对2型科学翻译中的影响方面。虽然这种担忧不是由其他两个审稿人共享，考虑到我们确定更换将是有利的青春期发展的工作更广泛地关注压力神经生物学和遗传学作为预测因素，介质和药物滥用和相关问题的主持人。正如该焦点区域所述，新兴在这个更一般的研究领域的工作在CWS中与服务和政策的直接相关，并将告知下一代随机干预试验。而且，这是我们已经拥有的领域我们的研究小组中的专业知识。例如，费舍尔（Fisher）在HPA轴上的工作已显示出改变寄养儿童的儿童，在经历的儿童中，非典型的昼夜皮质醇水平普遍存在照顾者忽略。但是，参与学龄前儿童的多维治疗寄养干预导致相对于常规寄养儿童的HPA轴的调节增加（Fisher et Al。，2007）。 Fisher及其同事也开始检查寄养儿童的前额叶皮质活性因为特定的执行功能之间的联系已知，这些职能是从前额叶散发出来的皮质（例如抑制性控制，注意力和工作记忆），并与药物滥用和破坏性有关行为障碍（Fisher，Gunnar等，2006）。在中锋早期职业调查员提出的飞行员2中 Saldana与Fisher合作，我们扩展了这项工作，以通过关注来检查执行的关注滥用毒品的母亲的网络任务。我们假设执行注意力的缺陷将预测低对治疗的反应能够改善育儿并阻止药物滥用。关于基因变体的新工作也对CWS预防药物滥用研究有希望。中心共同堤防是这项工作的最前沿。她的前瞻性收养研究（359套收养父母，他们的收养孩子和孩子的亲生父母）有可能通过两种方式为CWS实践和政策提供信息：详细介绍可以在幼儿时期带来的特定环境过程，可以帮助抵消遗传风险并导致儿童的弹性调整，并详细详细介绍受遗传影响的特定影响即使在早期逆境（Leve等，2007）。我们在这一领域的工作将受益于知识的快速进步发生在分子遗传学领域。例如，Bradley及其同事（2008年）最近发现在存在遗传的情况下，虐待和创伤儿童不太可能导致成人抑郁症状皮质激素释放激素1型受体（CRHR1）基因中的多态性。这个发现表明基因X环境相互作用对于成人表达抑郁症状很重要具有有虐待儿童病史的CRHR1风险或保护性等位基因。因此，代替更狭窄的关注先前提案中的青春期，我们现在计划以中心内的知识为基础用方法和风险和弹性的神经生物学和遗传机制的度量。这将通过培训我们的中心科学家并与CWS从业人员和政策领导者。