Listening Skills in children with and without cochlear implants

植入和未植入人工耳蜗的儿童的听力技能

• 批准号: 7799817
• 负责人: Frederic L Wightman
• 金额: $ 39.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-04-01 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7799817
• 关键词: 3 year old; Acoustics; Address; Adolescence; Adopted; Adult; Affect; Age; Algorithms; Attention; Auditory; Child; Child Development; Cochlear Implants; Communication; Complex; Cues; Data; Dependence; Detection; Development; Discrimination; Ear; Environment; External auditory canal; Failure; Frequencies; Funding; Goals; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Implant; Individual; Individual Differences; Knowledge; Laboratories; Language; Life; Lipreading; Masks; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Noise; Participant; Performance; Peripheral; Population; Positioning Attribute; Principal Investigator; Process; Publishing; Reading; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; School-Age Population; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Source; Speech; Stimulus; Techniques; Teenagers; Testing; Training; Uncertainty; Visual; Weight; Work; age effect; age related; base; deafness; expectation; hearing impairment; information processing; programs; research study; segregation; selective attention; simulation; skills; sound; speech recognition; stimulus processing; virtual

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term goal of this program is a complete understanding of the capabilities and limitations of auditory information processing in children, the development of auditory processing skills, and how that developmental course may be affected by hearing impairment, deafness, and the use of a cochlear mplant. The current focus of the project is on the strategies used by children to segregate desired auditory signals from interfering sounds. Results to date suggest that most young children display a remarkable nability to perform this segregation in simple detection tasks and in tasks requiring attention to a target speech message in the presence of other speech distracters. The data also reveal large individual differences in source segregation ability, with some teenagers demonstrating child-like performance, and some young school-aged children demonstrating adult-like performance. The adult-child differences are argely consistent with what iresults. The new work also addresses the special selective attention problems faced by children and adults with cochlear implants and evaluates strategies by which selective attention can be enhanced. Auditory selective attention is quantified in four kinds of tasks: 1) simple signal detection, in which the target signal is masked by random multicomponent tonal complexes; 2) a speech fundamental frequency discrimination task; 3) speech recognition tasks, both with and without a visual representation of the speaker; 4) spatial segregation tasks in which the target message and the distracter are spatially separated. The aim of the first task is to quantify auditory selective attention within the constraints of a simple one-parameter model. The second task will produce a scale of talker similarity which will then be used to predict the impact of talker similarity in the selective attention tasks. The third and fourth tasks explore means by which selective attention can be enhanced, eithssessed. The overall importance of this project lies in its study of communication situations common in everyday life. Speech communication in noisy environments is an especially important issue for children who are developing speech and language, and the results of this project will add important new knowledge about how children and adults are able to address this issue.

描述（由申请人提供）：该计划的长期目标是对儿童听觉信息处理的能力和局限性，听觉处理技能的发展以及该发展过程如何受到听力障碍，耳聋以及使用人工耳蜗Mplant的使用。该项目的当前重点是儿童使用的策略，从而将所需的听觉信号从干扰声音中分离出来。迄今为止的结果表明，大多数幼儿在简单的检测任务和需要注意其他语音干扰物的情况下需要注意目标语音消息的任务中表现出了显着的差异。数据还揭示了来源分离能力的个体差异很大，一些青少年表现出类似孩子的表现，一些年轻的学龄儿童表现出类似成人的表现。成人儿童的差异与Iresult是一致的。新工作还解决了具有人工耳蜗的儿童和成人所面临的特殊选择性注意问题，并评估了可以提高选择性关注的策略。在四种任务中量化了听觉选择性注意力：1）简单的信号检测，其中目标信号被随机多组分音调复合物掩盖； 2）语音基本频率歧视任务； 3）语音识别任务，无论有或没有说话者的视觉表示； 4）在空间分离目标消息和干扰物的空间隔离任务。第一个任务的目的是在简单的单参数模型的约束中量化听觉选择性关注。第二个任务将产生说话者相似性的规模，然后将其用于预测说话者相似性在选择性注意任务中的影响。第三和第四任务探讨了可以增强选择性注意的手段。该项目的总体重要性在于其对日常生活中常见的沟通状况的研究。对于正在开发语音和语言的儿童而言，嘈杂环境中的语音交流是一个特别重要的问题，该项目的结果将增加有关儿童和成人如何能够解决这个问题的重要新知识。