One Dimensional Hand Held Gamma Ray Scanner

一维手持式伽马射线扫描仪

• 批准号: 7747859
• 负责人: FARHAD DAGHIGHIAN
• 金额: $ 14.49万
• 依托单位: INTRA MEDICAL IMAGING, LLC
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7747859
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; American; Anatomy; Area; Back; Be++ element; Beryllium; Breast; Breast Melanoma; Bromides; Caliber; Cancer Etiology; Cerium; Characteristics; Collimator; Colorectal; Computer Systems; Computer software; Computers; Coupled; Detection; Dimensions; Discipline of Nuclear Medicine; Disease; Eye; Family; Figs - dietary; Gamma Cameras; Gamma Rays; Hand; Head and neck structure; Health Care Costs; Hot Spot; Image; Knowledge; Label; Lanthanum; Lasers; Legal patent; Lesion; Letters; Light; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Malignant neoplasm of thyroid; Maps; Marketing; Medical; Methods; Motor; Names; Neck; Nuclear; Ohio; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Outcome; Output; Paper; Parathyroid Adenoma; Phase; Photons; Physiology; Positioning Attribute; Positron-Emission Tomography; Procedures; Prostate; Publishing; Radioactive; Radioactivity; Radionuclide Imaging; Reading; Research Personnel; Saints; Scanning; Sentinel Lymph Node; Side; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Staging; Surface; Surgeon; Surgical incisions; System; Technetium 99m; Testing; Thyroid Gland; Time; Tissues; Tracer; Tungsten; Ultrasonography; Upper arm; Visual; Wireless Technology; Work; base; cancer recurrence; cancer surgery; computer generated; cost; design; detector; emotional trauma; experience; human tissue; improved; innovation; instrument; instrumentation; intraoperative imaging; light weight; melanoma; molecular imaging; novel; price lists; public health relevance; radiation detector; rectal; response; sensor; solid state; thallium-doped sodium iodide; tumor; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): 1-D Hand-held Gamma Ray Scanner Daghighian, PI Phase I SBIR Dec. 2008 During surgery anatomy and physiology are often altered. Thus, results of preoperative scans often do not fully reflect "present" state-a state that is a "moving target" during the surgical procedure. That is why x-ray C- arm, and ultrasound are being used in many surgeries. It is our hypothesis that with the advances in molecular imaging, an intra-operative gamma ray imager would improve the "real-time" knowledge of the surgeon. The utility of single-detector gamma probes is limited to cases where the background radioactivity is much lower compared to that of the lesion. It is easier to identify a "hot spot" in a gamma ray image than the audio guidance of a gamma probe. In a gamma camera image the eye can discern a 1.5 to 1 contrast. In the last 15 years we and others have built various intra-operative gamma cameras. These camera did not get market acceptance because they were expensive, heavy, and it was difficult to set them up and correlate images with anatomy by surgeons. In this project we will build a novel intra-operative scanner that would alleviate the above problems. The final product that we envision is a one-dimensional array of solid-state photomultipliers (SSPM) coupled to a scintillator slab and tungsten septa, forming a one-dimension gamma ray scanner. A wireless position tracker will be attached to this "scanner" enabling the acquisition of the scanner's position and orientation in real time. While the position-tracker is working, the surgeon would hold it in his/her hand and freely move it over suspicious areas while collecting 1-D gamma ray images. The software would stack these 1-D images next to each other in a 3-D presentation, based on the position and orientation readings of the position-tracker in various time increments. Optical cameras would take pictures and the software would superimpose the nuclear images with the pictures of the surgical field. The composite images will be displayed next to the surgical field. This scanner can open new possibilities in intra-operative nuclear medicine namely: a- Light weight and hand-maneuverable during surgery by the surgeon alone; b- Capability of scanning non-planar surfaces (such as the neck) c- Low cost; list price to customer ~ $20,000. d- Capable of linear scanning as well as angular scanning (such as rotating while inside an incision); e- Can enter the body, through a 15 mm diameter laparo-port, trans-rectally, or trans-vaginally. f- Possibility of building such a scanner for 511 keV without needing an excessively heavy collimator. In our design, we will use a novel photo-detector called the Solid State Photo-multiplier (SSPM). This compact detector has gains close to a million, at a low voltage ~ 70 V. We will couple a 1x8 array of SSPM to a 3x4x50 mm slab of novel and recently discovered scintillating crystal called Lanthanum Bromide (LaBr3:Cr). This crystal outputs 65% more light than NaI(Tl) at a spectral distribution that matches that of the SSPM. There are significant needs for such a scanner, such as: a- Sentinel node imaging in breast and melanoma prior to incision in order to determine how many sentinel nodes are present. Then after the incision, confirming and documenting that all the sentinel nodes are removed. b- Imaging of thyroid cancer, parathyroid adenomas, head-neck sentinel nodes in the operation room. c- Intraoperative imaging of FDG avid tumors for localization of foci of activity shown on the pre-operative PET scans, as well as possibly detecting foci missed by PET. d- Laparoscopic nuclear imaging for detection of sentinel nodes of prostate and GI cancers. e- Trans-rectal imaging of the prostate cancer recurrence using Tc-99m labeled tracers. In Phase I: a- build a gamma scanner utilizing a 1-D array of SSPM-LaBr3:Cr, and using a position- tracker to form a 2-D image. b- test it under realistic conditions to optimize lesion detection with Tc-99m. During the Phase II, we will fully incorporate the position tracking system, and the surface-rendering systems with the gamma ray scanners, fuse the resulting nuclear image with the computer generated 3D rendition of the scanned area, as well as with the visual pictures of the surgical field; explore various ways of real time representation to the surgeon; and with our collaborating surgeons evaluate the efficacy of both scanners. We have extensive experience in developing nuclear medicine instrumentation for surgery. We published the first paper on the medical application of SSPM and applied for patent protection. We have a patent issued for position-tracking of radiation detectors, and have published our preliminary results. We will collaborate with Dr. Magnus Dahlbom of UCLA (co-investigator) on this project. A group of surgeons (see attached letters of support), who see the unique value of such a system, will be evaluating it during the Phase II in melanoma, parathyroid adenomas, breast, thyroid, colorectal and prostate cancers. Innovations include: use of SSPM and lanthanum bromide scintillator, position tracking of a 1-D scanner to form a 2-D image, superposition of visual and nuclear images, and rotational gamma imaging. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This Application has a direct impact on the outcome of cancer surgery. If successful, the proposed method and instrument will result in reduction of the rate of reoccurrence of breast and prostate cancer among others. These two diseases alone afflict half a million of Americans every year. The reoccurrence of cancer causes major emotional trauma in American families and is responsible for rising healthcare costs.

描述（由申请人提供）：1-D手持伽马射线扫描仪Daghighian，PI I期SBIR 2008年12月在手术解剖学和生理学期间经常改变。因此，术前扫描的结果通常不能完全反映“当前”状态，该状态是手术过程中“移动目标”的状态。这就是为什么在许多手术中都使用X射线C臂和超声波。我们的假设是，随着分子成像的进步，术中伽玛射线成像仪将改善外科医生的“实时”知识。单探测器γ探针的效用仅限于背景放射性比病变低得多的情况。与伽马探测器的音频指南相比，在伽马射线图像中识别“热点”更容易。在伽马相机图像中，眼睛可以辨别1.5至1对比度。在过去的15年中，我们和其他人建造了各种术中伽玛相机。这些相机没有获得市场接受，因为它们昂贵，沉重，并且很难将它们设置并与外科医生的解剖结构相关联。在这个项目中，我们将建立一种新颖的术中扫描仪，可以减轻上述问题。我们设想的最终产品是固态光电层流（SSPM）的一维阵列，该固态光电层面（SSPM）耦合到闪烁板板和钨隔隔，形成了一维伽玛射线扫描仪。无线位置跟踪器将附加到此“扫描仪”上，以实时获得扫描仪的位置和方向。当位置跟踪器正在工作时，外科医生会握住他/她的手，并在收集1-D Gamma Ray图像的同时自由移动。该软件将基于位置跟踪器的位置和方向读数以各种时间增量的位置和方向读数，将这些1D图像彼此相邻堆叠。光相机将拍照，该软件将用外科手术场的图片叠加核图像。复合图像将显示在手术场旁边。该扫描仪可以打开术中核医学的新可能性：仅外科医生在手术期间轻巧和手工手术； b-扫描非平面表面（例如颈部）c-低成本的能力；向客户的标价〜$ 20,000。 D-能够进行线性扫描和角度扫描（例如在切口内旋转）； e-可以通过直立或反染色的直径15毫米的拉帕罗港口进入身体。 F-可以为511 KEV构建这样的扫描仪而无需过度沉重的准直仪。在我们的设计中，我们将使用一种名为固态光电材料（SSPM）的新型照相探测器。该紧凑型检测器的增益接近一百万，低电压〜70V。我们将将1x8 SSPM阵列与3x4x50毫米的新颖板，最近发现的闪烁晶体称为Lanthanum bromide（LabR3：Cr）。该晶体在与SSPM相匹配的光谱分布下，该晶体输出的光（TL）高65％。这样的扫描仪有很大的需求，例如：乳房和黑色素瘤中的A-前哨节点成像，以确定存在多少个哨兵节点。然后在切口后，确认并记录所有哨兵节点。 b-甲状腺癌，甲状旁腺腺瘤，手术室中的前颈哨兵节点的成像。 c- FDG狂热肿瘤的术中成像，用于在术前的PET扫描中显示的活性局部性，并可能检测PET错过的焦点。 D-腹腔镜核成像用于检测前列腺和GI癌的前哨淋巴结。使用TC-99M标记的示踪剂对前列腺癌复发的e-直肠直肠成像。在第I阶段：A-使用SSPM-LABR3：CR的1-D阵列构建伽马扫描仪，并使用位置跟踪器形成2-D图像。 b-在现实条件下测试它，以优化TC-99M病变检测。在II期期间，我们将充分整合位置跟踪系统，并与伽马射线扫描仪的表面渲染系统与所得的核图像融合，并与计算机生成的扫描区域的3D渲染以及手术场的视觉图片融合。向外科医生探索各种实时代表方式；随着我们的合作外科医生评估两种扫描仪的功效。我们在开发手术核医学仪器方面有丰富的经验。我们发表了有关SSPM医疗应用的第一篇论文，并申请了专利保护。我们拥有一项专利，用于辐射探测器的位置跟踪，并发布了我们的初步结果。我们将与加州大学洛杉矶分校（共同投资者）的Magnus Dahlbom博士合作。一组外科医生（请参阅附带的支持信）看到这种系统的独特价值，将在黑色素瘤，甲状旁腺腺瘤，乳腺癌，甲状腺，甲状腺，结直肠癌和前列腺癌的II期期间对其进行评估。创新包括：使用SSPM和Lanthanum Bromide闪光灯，1-D扫描仪的位置跟踪形成2-D图像，视觉和核图像的叠加以及旋转伽马成像。公共卫生相关性：该应用对癌症手术的结果有直接影响。如果成功，提出的方法和仪器将导致乳腺癌和前列腺癌的再发生率降低。仅这两种疾病每年都会遭受一百万名美国人的困扰。癌症的再次发生会导致美国家庭的主要情感创伤，并负责医疗保健成本上升。