Environmental Modifications in sub-Saharan Africa: Changing Epidemiology, Transmission and Pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria

撒哈拉以南非洲的环境改变：恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的流行病学、传播和发病机制的变化

• 批准号: 10382271
• 负责人: Guiyun Yan
• 金额: $ 309.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10382271
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Agricultural Development; Agriculture; Antibodies; Area; Australia; Basic Science; Beds; Biology; Blood; Breeding; Chronic; Country; Culicidae; Development; Droughts; Ecology; Economics; Ecosystem; Effectiveness; Environmental Impact; Epidemiology; Ethiopia; Famines; Farm; Genetic; Germ Cells; Goals; Growth; Habitats; Health; Horns; Human; Humoral Immunities; Hunger; Immune; Immunity; Immunology; Individual; Infection; Insecticides; Institution; Intervention; Investments; Irrigation; Kenya; Knowledge; Malaria; Memory B-Lymphocyte; Modification; Molecular; Office of Administrative Management; Outcome; Pathogenesis; Persons; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Policies; Population; Predisposition; Primaquine; Productivity; Rain; Relapse; Research Personnel; Residual state; Resource Development; Rural; Scheme; Sedimentation process; Site; Testing; Translational Research; Vector Ecology; Vivax Malaria; Vulnerable Populations; Water; adverse outcome; age related; asexual; burden of illness; data management; environmental change; experience; food insecurity; food security; human migration; malaria transmission; novel; population movement; programs; public health relevance; tool; transmission process; vector; vector control; vector transmission

Environmental Modifications in sub-Saharan Africa: Changing Epidemiology, Transmission and Pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria PROGRAM SUMMARY Chronic hunger, food insecurity and famine continue to affect millions of residents of sub- Saharan Africa. Most people in African countries depend on rain-fed agriculture, making these populations vulnerable to drought and famine. Construction of dams and initiating rural irrigation schemes has been widely recognized as key solutions to food security and economic growth in drought prone regions. In the past decade, sub-Saharan African countries have experienced a new era of large dam constructions and expansion of irrigated agricultural farms. These environmental changes may have unforeseen ecologic consequences that adversely affect human health. However, to date there has been limited basic or translational research to evaluate the impact of water resource development and shifting agricultural practices on malaria ecosystems and attendant changes in the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis of malaria. To address the major knowledge gaps and challenges in malaria control and elimination in the face of drastic environmental modifications in sub-Saharan Africa, our ICEMR established a consortium with outstanding institutions and investigators from the US, Australia, Kenya and Ethiopia to study scientific questions important to the global malaria control and elimination effort, especially to the countries in the Greater Horn of Africa. The overarching goal of this ICEMR project is to assess the impact of human-induced environmental modifications such as dam construction, irrigation and shifting agricultural practices on the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis and immunology of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria in highly populated Kenya and Ethiopia where major investments in water resource development projects are taking place. The ICEMR has three projects, each with multiple specific objectives. Project 1 will assess the impact of environmental modifications from water resource development projects on P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria epidemiology at the molecular, individual, field and population levels. Project 2 will examine the impact of environmental modifications on vector ecology and transmission, the outcomes of which will inform new integrated vector control approaches. Project 3 aims to determine the impact of environmental modifications on malaria pathogenesis and immunity by elucidating the immune mechanisms underlying susceptibility to symptomatic malaria and evaluating humoral immunity to gametocytes. The administrative and data management cores will provide support to the entire program. Knowledge gained from this ICEMR is important to malaria control, not only for the two study countries studied, but also to other regions of Africa prone to drought, famine, and large scale human population movement.

撒哈拉以南非洲的环境变化：流行病学的变化， 恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的传播和发病机制 计划概要 长期饥饿、粮食不安全和饥荒继续影响着数百万亚居民 撒哈拉非洲。非洲国家的大多数人依赖雨养农业，这使得 这些人口容易遭受干旱和饥荒。修建水坝并启动农村 灌溉计划已被广泛认为是粮食安全和粮食安全的关键解决方案 干旱地区的经济增长。在过去十年中，撒哈拉以南非洲地区 各国经历了大型水坝建设和灌溉面积扩大的新时代 农业农场。这些环境变化可能会带来不可预见的生态影响 对人类健康产生不利影响的后果。但迄今为止，数量有限 评估水资源开发和影响的基础或转化研究 改变疟疾生态系统的农业做法以及随之而来的变化 疟疾的流行病学、传播和发病机制。解决主要知识点 面对严峻的环境问题，疟疾控制和消除方面的差距和挑战 为了应对撒哈拉以南非洲地区的变化，我们的 ICEMR 成立了一个拥有杰出人才的联盟 来自美国、澳大利亚、肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的机构和研究人员进行科学研究 对全球疟疾控制和消除工作、特别是对疟疾防治工作具有重要意义的问题 大非洲之角国家。该 ICEMR 项目的总体目标是 评估人类引起的环境改变（例如水坝）的影响 建筑、灌溉和改变农业实践对流行病学的影响， 恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的传播、发病机制和免疫学 人口稠密的肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的疟疾问题在水资源方面进行了大量投资 资源开发项目正在进行中。 ICEMR 有三个项目，每个项目 具有多个具体目标。项目1将评估环境影响 恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫水资源开发项目的修改 分子、个体、现场和人群层面的疟疾流行病学。项目2将 检查环境改变对病媒生态和传播的影响， 其结果将为新的综合病媒控制方法提供信息。项目3旨在 确定环境改变对疟疾发病机制和免疫的影响 通过阐明对有症状的疟疾易感性的免疫机制和 评估对配子体的体液免疫。行政和数据管理 核心将为整个程序提供支持。从 ICEMR 中获得的知识是 对于疟疾控制非常重要，不仅对于所研究的两个国家而言，而且对于 非洲其他地区容易发生干旱、饥荒和大量人口 移动。