Neurobiology of Uncertainty

不确定性的神经生物学

• 批准号: 7653198
• 负责人: GREGORY S. BERNS
• 金额: $ 38.73万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7653198
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Brain Part; Brain imaging; Cessation of life; Corpus striatum structure; Data; Decision Making; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Economics; Elements; Emotional; Epidemiology; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Genetic; Grant; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Life; Link; Mass Media; Measurable; Measures; Mediating; Neurobiology; Outcome; Output; Participant; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Peer Pressure; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Probability; Process; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk-Taking; Role; Social Interaction; Source; Staging; Testing; Uncertainty; United States; authority; emerging adult; experience; genetic element; neural circuit; neuroeconomics; neuroimaging; peer; peer influence; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; social; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epidemiological data point strongly to the period of late adolescence and early adulthood as the critical age during which most individuals initiate engagement in risky behaviors. Two key factors in the initiation of these behaviors are: 1) the individual's propensity to take risks (i.e. how they respond to uncertainty); and 2) the effect of social norms on individual risky decision making. In the previous period of this grant, we focused on the neurobiological underpinnings associated with an individual's response to uncertainty and the neural correlates of risky decision making. In this renewal, we propose to build on these results and address the social dimension of decision making. Using fMRI, we will determine how social messages become intertwined with the elements of uncertainty and value in the brain. The approach is grounded in neuroeconomics, which utilizes neuroimaging to uncover the relationships of hidden variables in the brain that correspond to specific decisions that individuals make. Using paradigms widely studied in experimental economics, we will test competing hypotheses about the manner in which social messages influence these types of decisions by examining the specific neural circuits that mediate the effect of social messages on levels of individual risk taking and cooperation in group settings. The overarching hypothesis is that social messages distort the expected utility of outcomes, and this will be measurable as a shift in brain activity in orbitofrontal-striatal circuits. We hypothesize this effect will be relatively insensitive to the type of message and the type of decision. To test this hypothesis, we propose 4 aims: 1) Determine the neural circuits involved in processing socially salient messages during risky decision making. 2) Determine the extent to which the source of a social message affects the specific neural circuits used to process the message. We will compare the neurobiological effects of peer-to- peer messaging, messages from authority figures and experts, and collective messages. 3) For each of the different messaging sources, we will measure its effect on 3 types of decisions that range from individual, to 2-person, to individual with consequences for others. 4) Determine the developmental trajectory of both the behavioral and neurobiological effect of social messages on risky behavior from adolescence through adulthood. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Very little is known about how peer pressure influences risky decision making. In this project, we will use modern brain imaging techniques to see how social messages from peers and authority figures change risky decisions and which parts of the brain are responsible.

描述（由申请人提供）：流行病学数据强烈指向青春期和成年初期的时期，这是大多数人开始参与风险行为的关键年龄。这些行为启动的两个关键因素是：1）个人承担风险的倾向（即他们如何应对不确定性）； 2）社会规范对个人风险决策的影响。在这笔赠款的上一个阶段，我们专注于与个人对不确定性的反应和危险决策的神经相关性相关的神经生物学基础。在此续约中，我们建议以这些结果为基础，并解决决策的社会层面。使用fMRI，我们将确定社交信息如何与大脑中不确定性和价值的要素交织在一起。该方法基于神经经济学，该方法利用神经影像来揭示大脑中隐藏变量与个人做出的特定决定相对应的关系。使用在实验经济学中广泛研究的范例，我们将通过检查社会信息影响这些类型的决策方式的竞争假设，这些假设通过检查介导社交信息对团体环境中个人冒险水平和合作水平的影响的特定神经回路。总体假设是，社会信息会扭曲结果的预期效用，这将是可以衡量的，因为轨道额纹状体电路中大脑活动的转变。我们假设这种效果将对消息类型和决策类型相对不敏感。为了检验这一假设，我们提出了4个目标：1）确定在危险决策过程中处理社会显着信息的神经回路。 2）确定社会信息的来源在多大程度上影响用于处理该消息的特定神经回路。我们将比较同伴消息传递，权威人物和专家的消息以及集体信息的神经生物学效应。 3）对于每种不同的消息来源，我们将衡量其对从个人而非2人到个人的三种类型的决策的影响，并对他人产生后果。 4）确定社会信息对从青春期到成年期风险行为的行为和神经生物学效应的发展轨迹。关于同伴压力如何影响风险决策，公共卫生相关性知之甚少。在这个项目中，我们将使用现代的大脑成像技术来查看同行和权威人物的社交信息如何改变冒险的决策以及大脑的哪些部分负责。