Neural circuits for visual feature detection

用于视觉特征检测的神经电路

基本信息

批准号：
10369404
负责人：
Mark Arthur Frye
金额：
$ 38.05万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-05-01 至 2025-11-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10369404
关键词：
3-Dimensional Acetylcholine Affect Architecture Attention Bathing Behavior Behavioral Biogenic Amines Biological Models Calcium Cells Clutterings Complex Coupled Degenerative Disorder Detection Discrimination Disease Distributional Activity Drosophila genus Eye Functional disorder Funding Genetic Genetic Models Genetic Techniques Glutamates Goals Human Hybrids Image Individual Inherited Lead Locomotion Maps Measures Modeling Motion Movement Mus Nervous system structure Neurobiology Neurons Neurotransmitters Norepinephrine Optic Lobe Optics Output Pathway interactions Pattern Persons Photic Stimulation Physiological Population Process Property Reporter Reporting Research Retinal Ganglion Cells Role Saccades Signal Transduction Spatial Distribution Speed Stimulus Stroke Structure Synapses System Testing Traumatic injury United States Vision Visual Visual Perception Visual attention Writing base detector disability feature detection fly gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ganglion cell gaze in vivo imaging insight kinematics luminance motor control neural circuit neuronal circuitry neuroregulation nonhuman primate novel object motion optogenetics postsynaptic presynaptic receptive field response retinotopic selective attention spatiotemporal therapy development two-photon virtual reality visual plasticity visual processing visual stimulus

项目摘要

A significant percentage of people in the US suffer from disabilities resulting from traumatic injury, stroke, or degenerative disease which cause deficits in visual perception. Therefore, an understanding of the basic circuit neurobiology and neuromodulation of feature-based visual perception will sharpen our understanding of the mechanism of visual processing, and should facilitate the development of treatments for these disabilities. One form of visual attention is targeted to salient features of the visual scene, during which a subject detects optical disparities that distinguish a salient object from the cluttered visual surroundings. The cell-circuit mechanism for how this occurs is not well understood. This renewal project will capitalize on recent discoveries and significant experimental advantages of the fruit fly Drosophila to explore the elementary neural circuitry required for feature-based visual attention. The fly has a numerically simple nervous system, with which highly advanced genetic techniques can be used to identify, manipulate, and repeatedly record the activity of individual neurons, as well as their upstream and downstream network partners. The fly also displays robust feature-based visual perception, even under stimulus conditions that defeat classical models of motion vision, for which similar processes have been localized to cortical pathways in humans and non-human primates. The PI hypothesizes that flies detect and discriminate the higher-order features of visual objects with specialized circuits that integrate first-order elementary motion signals retinotopically, which are further enhanced by the action of inhibitory neurotransmitters. The PI will perform two-photon Ca2+ imaging of candidate cellular pathways in response to stimuli the PI has discovered to elicit robust feature detection by flies within a virtual reality flight simulator. Armed with physiological receptive fields, the PI will use live imaging to ‘read’ and optogenetics to ‘write’ activity patterns in a behaving fly to directly observe input-output functions of feature detection processing on visual behavior. Finally, the PI will study how biogenic amines modulate the functional properties of feature detecting neurons to enable plasticity required for visual feature detection in switching behavioral contexts such as the transition from stationary quiescence to active locomotion.

在美国，很大一部分人因创伤而患有残疾损伤、中风或导致视觉感知缺陷的退行性疾病。了解基于特征的视觉的基本回路神经生物学和神经调节感知将加深我们对视觉处理机制的理解，并且应该促进这些残疾的治疗方法的开发。视觉注意力的一种形式是针对视觉场景的显着特征，在受试者检测光学差异，将显着物体与杂乱物体区分开来这种情况发生的细胞回路机制尚不清楚。更新项目将利用最近的发现和显着的实验优势果蝇探索基于特征的基本神经回路果蝇有一个数字简单的神经系统，具有高度先进的功能。遗传技术可用于识别、操纵和重复记录单个神经元，以及它们的上游和下游网络伙伴，苍蝇也是如此。即使在无法击败的刺激条件下，也能显示出强大的基于特征的视觉感知运动视觉的经典模型，类似的过程已被定位于皮质 PI 追踪果蝇检测和检测人类和非人类灵长类动物的通路。通过集成的专门电路来区分视觉对象的高阶特征视网膜局部的一阶基本运动信号，通过作用进一步增强 PI 将对候选细胞进行双光子 Ca2+ 成像。已发现刺激 PI 的反应途径可引发果蝇的强大特征检测 PI 将在配备生理感受野的虚拟现实飞行模拟器中使用。实时成像技术可以“读取”苍蝇的活动模式，光遗传学可以直接“写入”苍蝇的活动模式观察特征检测处理对视觉行为的输入输出函数。将研究生物胺如何调节特征检测神经元的功能特性实现切换行为环境中视觉特征检测所需的可塑性，例如从静止状态到主动运动的转变。