Gender Differences and Speech Accommodation in Occupational Settings

职业环境中的性别差异和言语适应

• 批准号: 9245646
• 负责人: Eric J Hunter
• 金额: $ 45.45万
• 依托单位: MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-04-12 至 2020-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9245646
• 关键词: Acoustics; Air; Anatomy; Area; Awareness; Behavior; Biomechanics; Breathing; Characteristics; Clinical Research; Communication; Complex; Computer Simulation; Counseling; Data; Educational process of instructing; Emergency Situation; Employment; Endocrine system; Environment; Face; Fatigue; Female; Gender; Goals; Health; High Risk Woman; Hormones; Human; Incidence; Individual; Injury; Interdisciplinary Study; Laboratories; Laryngeal muscle structure; Larynx; Lung; Measures; Monitor; Occupational; Occupational Groups; Occupations; Output; Pain Threshold; Pattern; Performance at work; Periodicity; Physiological; Population; Principal Investigator; Production; Professional counselor; Protocols documentation; Rehabilitation therapy; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; School Teachers; Sensory; Series; Shapes; Speech; System; Techniques; Telephone; Testing; Time; Variant; Voice; Voice Disorders; Voice Quality; Woman; Work; base; design; experience; experimental study; gender difference; health disparity; high risk men; innovation; knowledge base; lung pressure; male; member; men; multidisciplinary; public health relevance; screening; stem; teacher; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): STUDY AIMS: A multi-disciplinary research team has been assembled to investigate specific gender-based speech production differences that may underlie women's elevated incidence of vocal health problems, especially in high-voice use professions. Specifically, this project will measure how speakers adjust their speech productions to compensate for environmental acoustic changes, audience requirements, and voice overuse. We will approach this problem at several levels of experimental control: (1) observations in a natural setting, (2) controlled experiments in a laboratory setting, and (3) highly controlled computer simulations. The results of these aims can be used to develop preventative and rehabilitative strategies for female occupational voice users. SIGNIFICANCE: Women have a notably higher lifetime incidence of voice disorders than men (46.3% vs. 36.9%). Regardless of the gender, occupational voice users (or members of professions that demand high voice use) are at an increased risk for vocal injury (e.g., 11% of teachers vs. 6.2% of non-teachers reported current voice problems). Unfortunately, this vocal health disparity appears to be intensified for women who work in these professions (such as teaching, counseling, or emergency dispatch). Two large populations of occupational voice users, teachers and call center workers, are primarily female (69% and 64%, respectively). While not all women in these occupations experience voice problems, these professionals face a dual risk for increased voice issues: their gender and their jobs. This problem is important to explore because, at this time, it is not precisely known why women are at higher risk than men and why some women experience vocal health issues more than others. In addition, women in these professions use the voice as a primary tool of trade, making any serious voice problems an impediment to effective performance of job functions and continued employment.

描述（由申请人提供）： 研究目的：已经组建了一个多学科研究小组来调查特定的基于性别的言语产生差异，这些差异可能是女性声音健康问题发生率升高的原因，尤其是在高声音使用的职业中。具体来说，该项目将测量演讲者如何调整其语音输出，以补偿环境声学变化、观众要求和语音过度使用。我们将在几个实验控制层面上解决这个问题：（1）自然环境中的观察，（2）实验室环境中的受控实验，以及（3）高度控制的计算机模拟。这些目标的结果可用于为女性职业语音用户制定预防和康复策略。 意义：女性一生中嗓音障碍的发生率明显高于男性（46.3% vs. 36.9%）。无论性别如何，职业声音使用者（或需要高声音使用的专业人士）遭受声乐损伤的风险都会增加（例如，11% 的教师与 6.2% 的非教师报告当前的声音问题）。不幸的是，对于从事这些职业（例如教学、咨询或紧急调度）的女性来说，这种声音健康差异似乎更加严重。 教师和呼叫中心工作人员这两大职业语音用户群体主要是女性（分别为 69% 和 64%）。虽然并非所有从事这些职业的女性都会遇到声音问题，但这些专业人士面临着声音问题增加的双重风险：性别和工作。探讨这个问题很重要，因为目前尚不清楚为什么女性比男性面临更高的风险，以及为什么有些女性比其他女性更容易经历声音健康问题。此外，这些职业中的女性将声音作为主要的贸易工具，使得任何严重的声音问题都成为有效履行工作职能和继续就业的障碍。