Roles of Archaea in infectious disease

古细菌在传染病中的作用

• 批准号: 9808070
• 负责人: Melissa Kendall
• 金额: $ 7.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-24 至 2021-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9808070
• 关键词: Applications Grants; Archaea; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; Data; Development; Digestion; Disease; Disease Progression; Environment; Gastrointestinal tract structure; Gene Expression; Goals; Growth; Health; Human; Immune response; Immune system; Infection; Infection prevention; Inflammation; Invaded; Methane; Methanobacteria; Methanobrevibacter; Methanosphaera; Microbe; Nutrient; Outcome; Play; Polysaccharides; Population; Predisposition; Production; Property; Reporting; Role; Salmonella enterica; Salmonella typhimurium; Virulence; base; design; enteric infection; gastrointestinal; host colonization; in vivo; innovation; insight; member; microbiota; pathogen; pathogenic bacteria; virtual

PROJECT SUMMARY The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors trillions of microbes that are collectively referred to as the microbiota. The resident microbiota play complex roles in human health. For example, the microbiota may effectively compete for nutrients against invading pathogens and thereby act as a barrier to limit or prevent infections. Conversely, certain members of the microbiota may enhance pathogen infection by producing metabolites that enhance growth and/or influence virulence gene expression. Because of the interplay between bacterial pathogens and the microbiota, manipulation of the microbiota may be an innovative means to treat infectious diseases. However, a more complete understanding of the specific roles of distinct members is required. To date, most studies have focused on microbes belonging to the domain Bacteria, which comprise the majority of microbes in the GI tract. Significantly, the microbiota is also comprised of microbes belonging to the domain Archaea. Of the Archaea, the methane-producing methanogens are the predominant members. Methanogens are present in the GI tract of nearly 100% of the world’s population and have been proposed to play an important role in human health and/or disease. Despite this fact, the functional contributions of methanogens to human health are virtually unexplored. Accordingly, Specific Aim 1 will assess how inhibiting methanogenic activity in vivo influences disease progression by an invading bacterial pathogen. Specific Aim 2 will investigate the impact of methanogens on enteric infection using a defined microbiota.

项目概要 人类胃肠道 (GI) 蕴藏着数万亿种微生物，这些微生物统称为 微生物群。常驻微生物群在人类健康中发挥着复杂的作用。 有效地竞争营养物质以对抗入侵的病原体，从而充当限制或预防的屏障 感染时，微生物群的某些成员可能通过产生 由于之间的相互作用，促进生长和/或影响毒力基因表达的代谢物。 细菌病原体和微生物群，操纵微生物群可能是治疗的一种创新方法 然而，对不同成员的具体作用有更全面的了解。 迄今为止，大多数研究都集中在属于细菌领域的微生物，其中包括。 胃肠道中的大多数微生物值得注意的是，微生物群也由属于以下的微生物组成。 古细菌领域中，产生甲烷的产甲烷菌是主要成员。 产甲烷菌存在于世界上近 100% 人口的胃肠道中，并且已被提议 尽管如此，其功能贡献仍然在人类健康和/或疾病中发挥着重要作用。 产甲烷菌对人类健康的影响实际上尚未被探索，因此，具体目标 1 将评估如何抑制。 体内产甲烷活性通过入侵细菌病原体影响疾病进展。 具体目标 2。 将使用特定的微生物群研究产甲烷菌对肠道感染的影响。