INFANT VISUAL SENSITIVITY AND SPATIAL VISION

婴儿视觉敏感性和空间视觉

• 批准号: 2459115
• 负责人: ANGELA MARGARET BROWN
• 金额: $ 11.98万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-10-01 至 2000-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2459115
• 关键词: adult human (21+); age difference; amblyopia; behavioral /social science research tag; child physical development; developmental neurobiology; eye disorder diagnosis; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); psychometrics; psychophysics; space perception; vision tests; visual perception; visual stimulus; visual threshold

DESCRIPTION: The vernier acuity of 3-month-olds is 50-150 times worse than that of adults, whereas resolution acuity is only about 10 times worse. Vernier acuity is a measure of fine spatial localization that requires additional perceptual processing beyond the simple detection of the stimuli. The overall goal of this research project is to understand which differences between infants and adults are critical immaturities that limit infant vernier acuity and which are not. These immaturities may be divided into two groups: those that lead to poor visual sensitivity and those that are specific to spatial vision. Visual sensitivity. When vernier stimuli are designed to "level the playing field" by being equally visible to infants and adults, are infant and adult vernier acuities similar? In Experiments I, II, and III, stimuli will be created from Fourier components that are equally visible to infants and adults. This will be accomplished by applying a combination of blur, contrast reduction, and added "white" noise to the adult stimuli. If these manipulations bring adult vernier acuity into the infant range, this will suggest that infants' poor vernier acuity is due to their visual insensitivity. In Experiment IV, vernier acuity will be studied using a sinusoidal stimuli and a trigonometric analysis. If infant and adult vernier acuity can be predicted from their contrast discrimination performance, that will be evidence that visual insensitivity is responsible for infants' poor vernier acuity. This analysis will also be applied to adult amblyopes to find out whether strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia are caused by an arrest of visual development. Spatial vision. If visual insensitivity alone cannot explain infants' poor vernier acuity, what is the nature of the additional immaturities? In Experiment V, spatial uncertainty or scrambling of the retinotopic map between stages of visual processing will be compared by examining infant sensitivity to "white" luminance noise and positional noise added to the vernier stimulus. Positional noise is introduced by randomly jittering the spatial positions of pixels in the stimulus. If positional noise has a bigger effect on vernier acuity than luminance noise does, that will be evidence that spatial uncertainty is partly responsible for the poor vernier acuity of infants. In Experiment VI, the offset segments of the vernier stimulus will be separated by a gap. The critical value of the width of that gap will be compared to the amount of intrinsic blur from Experiment I to determine whether the infant's visual representation of the vernier stimulus is significantly undersampled. Clinical relevance. In the course of this basic-science project, the PI will find out whether normal infant vernier acuity is poor simply because of poor visual sensitivity or whether, like strabismic amblyopes, infants also have important immaturities in their spatial vision. If normal infants behave like normal adults then a vernier acuity task is likely to be useful for diagnosing amblyopia in infancy; if normal infants behave like adult strabismic amblyopes, a clinical test of vernier acuity is less likely to be useful.

描述：3个月大的游标敏锐度更糟50-150倍 比成年人的敏锐度仅约10倍 更糟。 vernier敏锐度是衡量精细空间定位的量度 除了简单检测之外，还需要其他感知处理 刺激。 该研究项目的总体目标是 了解婴儿和成人之间的哪些差异至关重要 限制婴儿游标敏锐度并且不成熟的不成熟。 这些 不成熟的情况可以分为两组：导致贫困的人 视觉敏感性以及特定于空间视觉的敏感性。视觉的 灵敏度。 当Vernier刺激被设计为“打平 通过对婴儿和成人同样可见的领域”是婴儿和 成人游标的辅助性类似？ 在实验I，II和III中，刺激 将从同样可见的傅里叶组件创建 婴儿和成人。 这将通过应用组合来实现 模糊，减少对比度，并为成年人添加“白色”噪声 刺激。 如果这些操纵使成人敏锐的敏锐度进入 婴儿范围，这将表明婴儿的敏锐度不佳 对他们的视觉不敏感。 在实验IV中，vernier敏锐度将是 使用正弦刺激和三角分析进行了研究。 如果 婴儿和成人的敏锐度可以从其对比度预测 歧视表现，这将证明视觉 不敏感的是婴儿的敏锐度较差。 这 分析也将应用于成人弱视，以找出是否 斜视和异症弱视是由视觉捕捉引起的 发展。空间视觉。 如果仅视觉不敏感 解释婴儿的敏捷性敏锐度差， 额外的不成熟？ 在实验V中，空间不确定性或 视觉处理阶段之间的视网膜图拼图 将通过检查婴儿对“白色”亮度的敏感性来比较 噪声和位置噪声添加到游标刺激中。 位置 通过随机抖动的空间位置来引入噪声 刺激中的像素。 如果位置噪声对 比亮度噪声比亮度的敏锐度，这将证明 空间不确定性部分造成了较差的游标敏锐度 婴儿。 在实验VI中，vernier的偏移段 刺激将被缝隙隔开。 宽度的临界价值 将该差距与来自固有模糊的数量进行比较 实验I确定婴儿的视觉表示 游标刺激被显着采样。临床相关性。 在这个基本科学项目的过程中，PI会发现 正常婴儿敏锐的敏锐度仅仅是因为差而差 视觉敏感性，还是像斜视的弱视一样，婴儿也 在其空间视野中具有重要的不成熟。 如果是正常的婴儿 表现就像普通成年人，那么视野的敏锐任务可能是 对于诊断婴儿期弱视有用；如果正常婴儿的行为 像成人斜视般的弱视一样，敏锐敏锐度的临床测试是 不太可能有用。

项目成果

Vernier acuity in human infants: rapid emergence shown in a longitudinal study.

人类婴儿的游标敏锐度：纵向研究显示快速出现。

• DOI: 10.1097/00006324-199709000-00021
• 发表时间: 1997
• 期刊: Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry
• 作者: Brown,AM

Detection of vernier and contrast-modulated stimuli with equal Fourier energy spectra by infants and adults.

检测婴儿和成人具有相等傅里叶能谱的游标和对比调制刺激。

• DOI: 10.1167/5.3.7
• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Journal of vision
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Brown,AngelaM;Adusumilli,Veena;Lindsey,DelwinT
• 通讯作者: Lindsey,DelwinT