Effect of congenital vs acquired somatosensory deafferentation on self-body schema

先天性与后天性体感传入神经阻滞对自我-身体图式的影响

• 批准号: 9809899
• 负责人: Peggy Mason
• 金额: $ 8.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-15 至 2021-05-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9809899
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Automation; Biopsy; Birth; Body Image; Body part; Cognitive; Collaborations; Conscious; Cues; Deafferentation procedure; Dependence; Development; Distant; Feedback; Fiber; Foundations; Funding; Future; Habits; Hand; Image; Impairment; Individual; Laboratories; Learning; Literature; Location; Maps; Motor; Motor Pathways; Movement; Names; Nerve; Participant; Performance; Peripheral; Persons; Positioning Attribute; Production; Proprioception; Research Project Grants; Role; Secondary to; Sensorimotor functions; Sensory; Shapes; Students; Supervision; Testing; Time; Touch sensation; Travel; Unconscious State; United States; Universities; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; Walking; base; body sense; cognitive load; experimental study; haptics; meetings; motor control; novel; posters; rare condition; sensory input; somatosensory; visual information

Project summary This small research grant will allow us to study the only known individual with a congenital lack of somatosensory afferents (KS) and to compare her motor performance, unconscious body schema, and conscious body image with those of IW, an individual with the rare condition of acquired somatosensory loss as well as to controls. KS lives in the United States and IW lives in Britain and we propose to study both individuals in the fully equipped laboratory of co-PI Chris Miall in Birmingham, UK. In both participants motor nerve function is intact, allowing us to investigate motor coordination through its effector body parts, working without peripherally originating haptic feedback. Funds are requested to support travel and the study of control participants for comparison. The importance of large-fiber sensory input for creating a body schema that in turn allows for the rapid and largely unconscious production of movement will be placed in stark relief by KS and IW. Two distinct solutions to a loss of such input, one based on a congenital lack and one on an acquired loss, will be identified. In the former case, a degree of automaticity based on enhanced visual proprioception is expected whereas movement in the face of acquired deafferentation is expected to depend on conscious and slow visual perception combined with cognitive oversight. Thus, our working hypothesis is that IW uses visual perception, cognitively demanding motor planning, and conscious body image to move in a consciously supervised and minimally automated manner. In contrast, we hypothesize that KS uses visual proprioception, an automated substitution of visual information for somatosensory proprioception, to support a body schema that automatically supports motor planning and execution. Aim 1 will test our hypotheses by asking KS and IW to make repeated iterations of previously learned movements, with and without cognitive load, and to learn new movements that range in complexity. In Aim 2, the unconscious body schema of IW and KS will be interrogated through reach estimation and testing for peri-personal perceptual facilitation. Finally, in Aim 3, we will directly compare KS’s and IW’s conscious body images. Results from the proposed experiments will uncover for the first time the relative roles of large-fiber somatosensory information in setting up and then maintaining for decades, sensorimotor function, body schema and body image.

项目概要 这笔小额研究经费将使我们能够研究唯一已知的先天性缺乏的个体 体感传入 (KS) 并比较她的运动表现、无意识的身体模式，以及 与 IW 的有意识的身体意象，IW 是一个具有罕见的获得性体感能力的个体 KS住在美国，IW住在英国，我们建议学习。 两位参与者均在联合 PI Chris Miall 位于英国伯明翰的设备齐全的实验室中。 运动神经功能完好无损，使我们能够通过其效应器身体部位研究运动协调， 在没有外设触觉反馈的情况下工作需要资金来支持旅行和 对照参与者的研究进行比较。 大纤维感觉输入对于创建身体模式的重要性，进而允许快速和 KS 和 IW 两种截然不同的运动将在很大程度上无意识地产生。 针对此类投入损失的解决方案，一种是基于先天性缺乏，另一种是基于后天损失。 在前一种情况下，基于增强的视觉本体感觉的自动化程度被确定。 预期，而面对获得性传入神经阻滞的运动预计取决于意识 以及缓慢的视觉感知与认知监督相结合因此，我们的工作假设是 IW 使用。 视觉感知、认知要求高的运动规划以及有意识的身体形象 相比之下，我们采用有意识监督和最低限度自动化的方式。 本体感觉，视觉信息自动替代体感本体感觉， 支持自动支持运动规划和执行的身体模式。 目标 1 将通过要求 KS 和 IW 对先前学习的内容进行重复迭代来测试我们的假设 运动，有或没有认知负荷，并学习不同复杂程度的新运动。 2、IW和KS的无意识身体图式将通过到达估计和测试来询问 最后，在目标 3 中，我们将直接比较 KS 和 IW 的意识。 所提出的实验结果将首次揭示身体图像的相对作用。 大纤维体感信息的建立和维持数十年，感觉运动 功能、身体图式和身体形象。