SPEECH PERCEPTION AND LEXICAL GROWTH IN CHILDHOOD

童年时期的言语感知和词汇成长

基本信息

批准号：
2392451
负责人：
AMANDA C WALLEY
金额：
$ 9.59万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1993-04-01 至 1999-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The proposed research investigates developmental changes in spoken word recognition that occur with vocabulary growth. These changes will be assessed through cross-sectional comparisons, and one mini-longitudinal study spanning a six-month period. The focus is on early and middle childhood, because relatively little is known about spoken word re cognition in this period. Four specific aims guide the proposed investigation. The first aim is to better understand changes in the structural representations of spoken words and their acoustic-phonetic similarity relations to one another (a) as the lexicon grows in overall size, (b) as particular regions become more "crowded", and (c) as individual items become more familiar. The research will show, for example, whether the phonological representations of "early"-acquired words are more "complete" than those of "later"- acquired ones. The second aim is to identify changes in the level of processing at which word familiarity and overall vocabulary growth influence recognition. The research will indicate whether familiarity has its greatest impact on the early, perceptual encoding of words by young listeners, and only later becomes higher-level knowledge that biases recognition decisions. Information about listeners' conscious awareness of the familiarity status, and the segmental structure of their lexical representations will also be obtained. The third aim is to learn how certain task characteristics (e.g., memory requirements, the presence or absence of contextually constraining information) contribute to developmental differences in spoken word recognition performance. The fourth aim is to develop a new recognition task that is more sensitive than existing ones to the receptive vocabulary knowledge of young children with limited speech production ability. These objectives will be addressed in seven experiments with native English-speaking children (aged 3 to 10) and adults. The experiments will provide important new information about the nature and basis of developmental changes in spoken word recognition, which is central to fluent speech comprehension.

拟议的研究调查了口语的发展变化词汇生长发生的认识。这些更改将是通过横截面比较评估，一个微型longudinal 研究跨越了六个月。重点是早期和中间童年，因为对口语的了解很少在此期间的认知。四个具体目标指导拟议的调查。第一个目的是更好地理解口语结构表示的变化单词及其声学相似性关系彼此（a）随着词典的整体大小的增长，（b）随着特定区域的变化更多的“拥挤”，（c）随着单个项目变得越来越熟悉。这例如，研究将表明语音表示是否 “早期”获得的单词比“以后”的单词更“完整” - 获得的。第二个目的是确定水平的变化处理哪个单词熟悉和整体词汇增长影响识别。研究将表明熟悉是否熟悉对通过年轻的听众，后来才成为更高级别的知识偏见识别决定。有关听众有意识的信息对熟悉状态的意识和他们的分段结构还将获得词汇表示。第三个目标是学习某些任务特征如何（例如，内存需求，存在或缺乏上下文约束信息）有助于口语识别性能的发展差异。这第四目的是制定更敏感的新识别任务比现有的年轻人接受的词汇知识语音生产能力有限的儿童。这些目标将在七个与本机的实验中解决说英语的儿童（3至10岁）和成人。实验将提供有关性质和基础的重要新信息口语识别的发展变化，这是流利的语音理解。