Investigating associations and mediating effects between climate and mental health and violence in informal settlements in Kenya

调查肯尼亚非正规住区气候与心理健康和暴力之间的关联和中介效应

• 批准号: 10592335
• 负责人: Samantha C. Winter
• 金额: $ 15.75万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10592335
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Affect; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Anxiety; Applications Grants; Area; Award; Behavioral; Cities; Climate; Communities; Comparative Study; Conflict (Psychology); Country; Data; Data Set; Depressive disorder; Development; Droughts; Drug abuse; Empirical Research; Equation; Event; Exclusion; Face; Feasibility Studies; Feeling suicidal; Floods; Foundations; Frequencies; Fright; Geography; Goals; Grief reaction; Heat Waves; Hour; Household; Housing; Industrialization; Infrastructure; Interpersonal Violence; Intervention; Kenya; Land Tenure; Legal; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Policies; Politics; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Poverty; Precipitation; Predisposition; Prevalence; Probability Samples; Psychosocial Stress; Rain; Reporting; Research; Research Project Grants; Risk Reduction; Secure; Services; Site; Structure; Substance abuse problem; Suicide attempt; Surveys; Temperature; Testing; Time; Time Series Analysis; Violence; Weather; Well in self; Woman; addiction; burden of illness; climate adaptation; climate change; climate data; climate-related health; environmental change; experience; extreme weather; intimate partner violence; low and middle-income countries; marginalization; meteorological data; population based; prevent; psychological distress; response; social; substance use; suicidal; time use; vector; wasting; years lived with disability

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Climate change and related weather events and environmental changes are expected to have a profound impact on psychological well-being and mental health. Residents of informal settlements in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are especially vulnerable to the effects of changes in climate because these settlements are often located in ecologically sensitive areas, including valleys, floodplains, wetlands, industrial sites, and waste dumps—sites that are more susceptible to extreme weather events (EWEs) like floods, landslides, droughts, and heatwaves. Residents also face serious barriers to adaptation or reducing the effects of climate change, including poverty, political and social marginalization, and exclusion from formal services and legal land tenure. Though there is limited data, estimates also suggest that depressive disorder, suicide attempts, alcohol use, psychosocial stress, and interpersonal violence are likely higher among residents of informal settlements than in other populations in LMICs. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these mental health and violence challenges in the coming years. There is, however, a lack of empirical research exploring associations and potential mediating effects between climate and mental health- and violence-related outcomes in informal settlements. The objective of this Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant Award (R21), therefore, is to investigate associations and potential mediators between climate and mental health- and violence-related outcomes in these communities. This objective will be achieved through the following aims: 1) Household-level surveys will be collected monthly for 18 months from a probability sample of 800 women in Kibera and Mathare informal settlements in Nairobi. Surveys will include measures of mental health, well-being, substance use, and interpersonal violence. 2) Daily temperature and precipitation data from near Mathare and Kibera will be provided by the Kenya Meteorological Department and used to determine prevalence and frequency of EWEs in these settlements. This data will be compared with residents’ reports of localized EWEs including floods, landslides and heatwaves to help develop working definitions and meteorological thresholds of EWEs in informal settlements that align with residents’ experiences. 3) Meteorological data will be combined with participants’ responses from the monthly surveys in Aim 1 and surveys taken approximately 72 hours after EWEs in informal settlements. The combined dataset will be analyzed using time-series analysis to test associations and potential mediators between climate and mental health, well-being, substance use, and interpersonal violence in informal settlements. The long-term goal of this study is to provide helpful information about important climate thresholds related to mental health and interpersonal violence in informal settlements and to uncover key mediating factors underlying connections between these phenomena. Findings from the study could be used to identify critical points for intervention and climate change adaptation and provide a foundation for models and methods exploring climate and mental health and violence in other informal settlements around the world.

项目摘要/摘要 气候变化和相关天气事件以及环境变化有望产生深远的影响 关于心理健康和心理健康。低收入和中等收入中非正式定居点的居民 国家（LMIC）特别容易受到气候变化影响的影响，因为这些环境是 通常位于生态敏感的地区，包括山谷，洪泛区，湿地，工业地点和废物 垃圾场 - 更容易受到极端天气事件（母羊）等地地板，滑坡，干旱和 热浪。居民还面临着适应或减少气候变化影响的严重障碍，包括 贫困，政治和社会边缘化，并将其排除在正式服务和法律土地任期之外。尽管 数据有限，估计还表明，抑郁症，自杀尝试，饮酒，社会心理 非正式定居点居民的压力和人际暴力可能比其他 LMIC中的人群。预计气候变化将加剧这些心理健康和暴力挑战 在未来几年。但是，缺乏实证研究来探索关联和潜力 在非正式定居点中，气候与心理健康和与暴力相关的结果之间的介导作用。 因此，该探索/发展研究赠款奖（R21）的目的是调查 气候与心理健康和与暴力相关的结果之间的关联和潜在的调解人 社区。该目标将通过以下目的实现：1）家庭层面调查将是 每月从800名妇女的概率样本和MATHARE非正式的概率样本中收集18个月 内罗毕的定居点。调查将包括心理健康，福祉，药物使用的措施，以及 人际暴力。 2）将提供来自Mathare和Kibera附近的每日温度和降水数据 肯尼亚气象部门，用于确定这些母羊的流行和频率 定居点。这些数据将与居民的本地母羊的报告进行比较，包括地板，滑坡 和热浪以帮助发展非正式的母羊的工作定义和气象阈值 与居民经验保持一致的定居点。 3）气象数据将与参与者合并 AIM 1中每月调查的回答和在非正式母羊后大约72小时进行的调查 设置。合并的数据集将使用时间序列分析进行分析以测试关联和潜在 气候与心理健康，福祉，药物使用和人际暴力之间的中介者 这项研究的长期目标是提供有关重要气候阈值的有用信息 与非正式和解中的心理健康和人际暴力有关，并发现关键的中介因素 这些现象之间的基本联系。研究结果可用于确定关键 干预和气候变化适应点，并为探索模型和方法提供基础 世界其他非正式定居点的气候，心理健康和暴力。