Environmental Extremes and the Health of the Rural Elderly

极端环境与农村老年人的健康

基本信息

批准号：
10740958
负责人：
LORI M. HUNTER
金额：
$ 14.36万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-09-15 至 2025-09-14
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10740958
关键词：
Address Aging American Attention Chicago County Data Data Set Databases Development Disasters Disparity Elderly Emergency Care Emergency Situation Event Floods Frequencies Funding Geography Health Health Insurance Health Status Heat Waves Heterogeneity Hospital Closures Hurricane Individual Injury Insurance Coverage Knowledge Life Life Cycle Stages Life Expectancy Link Mental Health Modeling Morbidity - disease rate National Health Interview Survey Older Population Outcome Pathway interactions Personal Satisfaction Physicians Play Policies Population Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Program Development Property Public Health Rain Research Role Running Rural Rural Health Rural Hospitals Rural Population Scholarship Severities Shapes Social Environment Social Network Social isolation Social support Temperature Time Tornadoes United States Department of Agriculture Urban Population Wildfire Work climate-related health data integration density experience hazard health care availability health data health difference human old age (65+)innovation insight interest meteorological data metropolitan mortality physical conditioning population health programs rural America rural area rural counties rural dwellers rural setting social attachment sociodemographics urban area young adult

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY This project examines the physical and mental health impacts of extreme environmental events on the elderly, with an emphasis on how these impacts vary across the rural-urban continuum. Extreme environmental events — such as floods, wildfires, and hurricanes — are increasing in frequency and severity (Hayhoe et al. 2018) and rural residents are especially vulnerable given their lower levels of health insurance coverage (Cohen et al. 2021) and lesser access to health care. Physician density is much lower in rural areas (Machado et al. 2021) and ongoing hospital closures mean longer transport times, including for emergency care (GAO 2021). In fact, rural dwellers are already subject to the “rural mortality penalty” in that they already have lower life expectancies compared to their urban counterparts (Miller and Vasan 2021). We combine data on physical and mental health from the National Health Interview Survey, historical weather data, FEMA disaster declarations, and background on the scale and scope extreme environmental events and then link these to indicators of ruralness based on the USDA’s rural-urban continuum. We emphasize the connections between extreme environmental events and health for the rural elderly by contrasting the association for this group with that for younger individuals and urban dwellers. Of additional interest is the potential for social support and connection to be protective. In urban areas, social isolation has been found to play a role in mortality in disasters such as the loss of elderly life in the Chicago heat wave of 1995 (Klinenberg 2015). However, rural areas are characterized by relatively stronger social bonds (Henning-Smith et al. 2019) and we therefore examine the possibility of such connections benefiting the rural elderly in times of disaster. In all, this project is the first of its kind and provides information important for the development of programs and policies to protect elderly health in the context of rising environmental extremes.

项目概要该项目研究极端环境事件对老年人身心健康的影响，重点关注极端环境事件的影响如何在城乡连续体中发生变化。 ——例如洪水、野火和飓风——的频率和严重程度正在增加（Hayhoe et al. 2018）由于医疗保险覆盖率较低，农村居民尤其容易受到影响（Cohen 等人，2017）。农村地区的医生密度要低得多（Machado 等，2021），获得医疗保健的机会也较少。持续关闭的医院意味着更长的运输时间，包括紧急护理（GAO 2021）。农村居民已经受到“农村死亡惩罚”，因为他们的生活水平本来就较低与城市同行相比的期望（Miller 和 Vasan 2021）。来自全国健康访谈调查、历史天气数据、FEMA 灾难声明的心理健康状况，以及极端环境事件的规模和范围的背景，然后将这些与极端环境事件的指标联系起来基于美国农业部城乡连续体的农村性我们强调极端之间的联系。通过对比该群体与农村老年人的环境事件与健康的关系年轻人和城市居民更感兴趣的是社会支持和联系的潜力。人们发现，在城市地区，社会隔离是造成诸如此类灾害的死亡率的一个因素。 1995 年芝加哥热浪造成老年人死亡（Klinenberg 2015）然而，农村地区的情况却如此。其特点是相对较强的社会纽带（Henning-Smith et al. 2019），因此我们研究了这种联系在灾难发生时有可能使农村老年人受益总之，该项目是第一个项目。并为制定保护老年人健康的计划和政策提供重要信息在极端环境不断加剧的背景下。