Physiological, Computational, and Psychological Approaches to Understanding Spatial Vision

理解空间视觉的生理、计算和心理学方法

• 批准号: 10620223
• 负责人: MICHAEL E. GOLDBERG
• 金额: $ 41.13万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10620223
• 关键词: Address; Area; Attention; Belief; Brain; Cell model; Cells; Data; Dependence; Disease; Eye Movements; Future; Lateral; Lesion; Location; Maps; Measures; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Morphologic artifacts; Motion; Motor; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Psychophysics; Reporting; Resolution; Retina; Saccades; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Training; Update; Visual; Visual Perception; attentional modulation; frontal eye fields; lateral intraparietal area; neural network; novel therapeutics; predictive modeling; psychologic; receptive field; response; retinal imaging; simulation; spatial vision

Project Summary Every time we make a saccade, the retinal image of the world changes drastically, yet the world appears stable to us. Patients with parietal cortex lesions do not have the ability view the world stably across saccades. This trans-saccadic visual stability (TSVS) problem has received renewed attention since the discovery of receptive- field (RF) remapping: Some cells in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), frontal eye fields (FEF), and other brain areas shift their current, pre-saccadic RFs (cRFs) toward their future, post-saccadic RFs (fRFs), even before the saccadic onset (forward shift). These cells likely contribute to TSVS by predicting and comparing retinal images across saccades. However, under certain circumstances FEF neurons shift their RFs toward the saccade target (convergent shift), instead of toward fRFs (forward shift). This raises many important questions including 1) whether the forward RF shift, a leading physiological substrate for TSVS, actually exists in LIP and FEF; 2) whether these areas differ in their peri-saccadic RF dynamics; 3) whether LIP and FEF cells have both convergent and forward shifts; and 4) if so, what underlying mechanisms could explain them. Furthermore, it is widely assumed that the forward and convergent RF shifts produce, respectively, the observed forward and convergent mislocalization around the saccade onset, but the assumption has not been carefully evaluated. Here we will address these questions by simultaneously recording LIP and FEF neurons, modeling circuit mechanisms for the RF shifts, analyzing the shifts' perceptual implications, and testing new predictions. Our preliminary data suggest that on average, LIP and FEF are biased toward the forward and convergent shifts, respectively. Importantly, the convergent shift first appears in a delay period when the saccade command, and thus its corollary discharge (CD), are suppressed. This leads to our hypothesis that unlike the forward shift known to be produced by the saccade CD, the convergent shift is produced by saccade planning/attention to the target. While CD-gated lateral connections can explain the forward shift, we further hypothesize that attention- modulated center/surround connections account for the convergent shift. We will demonstrate that both connectivity patterns emerge automatically in neural networks trained on a memory-saccade task related to TSVS. Perceptually, our analysis indicates that RF shifts in one direction produce either no mislocalization or a mislocalization in the opposite direction, and that peri-saccadic mislocalization is confounded by mislocalization induced by retinal motion alone. We will test many predictions of our models including that the forward shift grows with saccadic amplitude whereas the convergent shift peaks at an intermediate distance between cells' cRFs and the target, and that convergent RF shifts during the delay period generate a divergent mislocalization. The project will help resolve a main controversy regarding RF shifts in LIP and FEF, provide a mechanistic and functional account of the two shift types, and clarify the perceptual consequences of RF shifts. Understanding TSVS may lead to therapeutic strategies for patients whose brain lesions have interfered with it.

项目摘要 每当我们制作扫视时，世界的视网膜形象都会发生巨大变化，但世界似乎稳定 给我们。壁皮层病变的患者在整个扫视中都无法稳定地看待世界的能力。这 自从发现接受以来 田地（RF）重新映射：侧面室内区域（唇），额叶田地（FEF）和其他大脑的一些细胞 区域将其当前的，前的RFS（CRF）转移到其未来，后来的RFS（FRF），甚至在 SACCADIC发作（正向移位）。这些细胞可能通过预测和比较视网膜图像来促进TSV 跨扫视。但是，在某些情况下，FEF神经元将其RFS转移到扫视目标 （收敛移位），而不是向FRF（向前移位）。这就提出了许多重要的问题，包括1） 前射频转移是TSV的领先生理底物，实际上是否存在于唇部和FEF中； 2） 这些区域是否在其周期射频RF动力学方面有所不同； 3）唇部和FEF细胞是否均具有 收敛和前进的转移； 4）如果是这样，那么基本机制可以解释它们。此外，是 广泛假定的前进和收敛的RF转移分别是观察到的前进和 扫视发作周围的趋同错误定位，但尚未仔细评估该假设。这里 我们将通过同时记录唇部和FEF神经元，建模电路机制来解决这些问题 对于RF变化，分析移动的感知含义并测试新预测。我们的初步数据 建议平均而言，唇和FEF分别偏向于前进和收敛偏移。 重要的是，趋同的偏移首先在扫视命令的延迟期间出现，因此 推论放电（CD）被抑制。这导致了我们的假设，该假设与已知的向前转移不同 可通过扫视CD产生，收敛移位是通过扫视计划/注意目标产生的。 虽然CD门控的横向连接可以解释前进的转移，但我们进一步假设了这种关注 - 调制中心/环绕连接是收敛偏移的。我们将证明这两个 连通性模式会自动出现在与记忆扫描任务训练的神经网络中 TSV。从感知上讲，我们的分析表明，RF向一个方向移动不会产生错误的定位或 沿相反方向错误定位，并且围绕校准错误的定位被错误定位混淆 仅通过视网膜运动诱导。我们将测试我们模型的许多预测 用阳性振幅生长，而收敛的移位峰在细胞之间的中间距离处 CRF和目标，并且在延迟期间的收敛RF在延迟期间移动会产生不同的定位。 该项目将有助于解决有关唇部和FEF中RF轮班的主要争议，提供机械和 两种偏移类型的功能说明，并阐明RF偏移的感知后果。理解 TSV可能会为脑病变干扰的患者提供治疗策略。