Inoculating and boosting against HIV vaccine misinformation among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa

在南非少女和年轻女性中接种和预防艾滋病毒疫苗错误信息

• 批准号: 10620056
• 负责人: Alison Meredith Buttenheim
• 金额: $ 64.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-22 至 2028-02-29
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10620056
• 关键词: 2 arm randomized control trial; Africa South of the Sahara; Attention; Behavioral; Behavioral trial; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 vaccine; Characteristics; Cognitive; Communication; Complement; Contracts; Decision Making; Epidemic; Exposure to; Female Adolescents; Future; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; HIV vaccine; Hearing; Immunity; Incidence; Individual; Institution; Medical Research; Misinformation; Pattern; Population; Province; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Recording of previous events; Reporting; Resistance; Safety; Science; South Africa; Subgroup; Surveys; Testing; Time; Trust; Vaccination; Vaccines; Visit; Vulnerable Populations; Work; aged; behavioral economics; design; efficacy evaluation; experience; fighting; follow-up; heuristics; high risk; infodemic; innovation; insight; interest; lifetime risk; novel; pre-exposure prophylaxis; programs; psychologic; recruit; response; theories; vaccine acceptance; vaccine candidate; vaccine hesitancy; vaccine trial; vaccine-induced immunity; willingness; young woman

PROJECT SUMMARY A safe, effective, affordable and acceptable vaccine against HIV has been an epidemic-ending goal for decades, and recent years have seen substantial progress towards developing and testing promising candidate vaccines. For highly vulnerable groups like adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa, access and uptake of vaccines will be essential for reducing the exceptionally high HIV incidence observed in recent years. This is particularly true in South Africa, which has the world's largest HIV epidemic and several active HIV vaccine trial programs. While an HIV vaccine has the potential to substantially reduce HIV risk, realizing this potential will require widespread vaccine uptake. Unfortunately, the lived experiences of both the HIV epidemic and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have laid the groundwork for an infodemic of misinformation about the HIV vaccine. Likely attributes of the HIV vaccine (e.g., partial protection against HIV), low trust in governmental and medical research institutions, and poor understanding of how vaccines work will leave an HIV vaccine program vulnerable to misinformation among the populations who would most benefit from vaccine-induced protection. To realize the benefits of future HIV vaccines, novel communication strategies are needed to “inoculate” individuals at highest risk of HIV infection against contagious vaccine misinformation. In this study, we bring together two promising approaches – psychological inoculation theory and behavioral economics – to fight HIV vaccine misinformation. Psychological inoculation theory offers a compelling approach to building “resistance” to vaccine misinformation through explicit exposure to a “weakened” version (via direct refutation) of false arguments underlying misinformation, before stronger versions of misinformation are encountered. Importantly, by posits debunking prebunking (or pre-emptively warning individuals about) emerging misinformation, inoculation theory also that t hey will be better able to r esist future misinformation. Prebunking avoids the greater challenge of once misinformation has lodged. In addition, behavioral economics provides a complementary framework that recognize the cognitive and attentional constraints faced by individuals and can inform more effective inoculation messages. We propose a randomized controlled trial of inoculation messages with a behavioral economics “boost” with AGYW in South Africa, a population highly vulnerable to both HIV infection and to vaccine misinformation. Mirroring a vaccine trial, our behavioral trial will evaluate the efficacy, safety, durability, and generalized immunity effects of inoculation messages that are boosted with behavioral economics insights. We will also evaluate differential responses to the messages by important subgroups of AGYW. This proof--of-concept project has the potential to identify innovative communication strategies to build resistance to emerging and evolving HIV vaccine misinformation. Results from the study will advance the science of HIV vaccine demand creation and inoculation-theory based approaches to vaccine communication.

项目摘要 几十年来，一种安全，有效，负担得起且可接受的疫苗一直是一个流行的目标， 近年来，在开发和测试承诺的疫苗方面取得了重大进展。 对于撒哈拉以南非洲的青春期女孩和年轻女性（AGYW）等高度脆弱的团体，访问和 疫苗的摄取对于减少近年来观察到的异常高HIV事件至关重要。 在南非尤其如此，南非具有世界上最大的艾滋病毒流行病和几种活跃的艾滋病毒疫苗 试用计划。虽然艾滋病毒疫苗有可能大大降低艾滋病毒的风险，但意识到这种潜力 需要宽度疫苗吸收。不幸的是，艾滋病毒流行和 持续的共同19-19大流行为艾滋病毒的失误奠定了基础 疫苗。艾滋病毒疫苗的可能属性（例如，针对艾滋病毒的部分保护），对政府和 医学研究机构，以及对疫苗工作方式的不良理解将离开HIV疫苗计划 在疫苗引起的保护中最大受益的人群中很容易受到未知的影响。 为了实现未来艾滋病毒疫苗的好处，需要新的沟通策略来“接种” 患有艾滋病毒感染风险最高的个体，以抗传染性疫苗的遗传。在这项研究中，我们带来 两种有希望的方法 - 心理接种理论和行为经济学 - 与艾滋病毒作斗争 疫苗未经信息。心理接种理论提供了一种令人信服的方法来建立“抵抗” 通过明确暴露于虚假的“弱”版本（通过直接遗憾）来接种疫苗的信息 在遇到强大版本的错误版本之前，遇到了遗漏的争论。重要的是， 经过 假设 揭穿 预先分娩（或先发警告个人）也是新兴的事实，接种理论也是如此 嘿，将能够更好地实现未来的失误。灌溉避免了更大的挑战 一旦失误失去了。此外，行为经济学提供了完整的 认识个人面临的认知和注意力约束的框架，可以告知更多 有效的接种消息。我们提出了一项随机对照试验，对接种消息的随机对照试验 在南非，行为经济学与AGYW一起“提升”，这是一个极易受到艾滋病毒感染的人群 和疫苗未经信息。反映疫苗试验，我们的行为试验将评估效率，安全性， 持续时间和广泛的接种消息的免疫学效应，这些消息被行为经济学增强 见解。我们还将通过AGYW的重要子组评估对消息的差异响应。这 证明 - 概念项目有可能确定创新的沟通策略以建立对 新兴和不断发展的HIV疫苗遗漏。研究的结果将推动艾滋病毒科学 疫苗需求创建和基于接种理论的疫苗通信方法。