Joint Impacts of Local Alcohol and Cannabis Laws and Outlet Densities on Violence

当地酒精和大麻法律以及销售点密度对暴力的共同影响

基本信息

批准号：
10623297
负责人：
Ellicott Colson Matthay
金额：
$ 24.87万
依托单位：
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-05-17 至 2025-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10623297
关键词：
Address Affect Alcohol Laws Alcohol consumption Alcoholic Beverages Alcohols Algorithms Area California Cannabis Cannabis policy Categories Cause of Death Censuses Cessation of life Cities City Government Code Communities Community Health Complement County County Government Crime Data Set Databases Depressive disorder Disinhibition Disparity Drug Controls Drug usage Emergency department visit Epidemiologist Face Feeling suicidal Funding Geography Goals Grant Health Heterogeneity Hospitalization Individual Injury Inpatients Interpersonal Violence Joints Knowledge Laws Lead Legal Licensing Link Medical Mentors Mentorship Methods Modeling National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Oranges Outcome Pattern Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Policies Policy Maker Population Prevention Research Psychoses Quasi-experiment Recreation Reduce health disparities Regulation Reporting Research Research Training Role San Francisco Self Direction Self-Injurious Behavior Socioeconomic Status Statistical Methods Suicide attempt Techniques Training United States Universities Variant Violence alcohol effect alcohol outlet density alcohol prevention alcohol related consequences assault career community violence density design disparity reduction effectiveness evaluation epidemiology study health data low socioeconomic status marijuana legalization marijuana use outcome disparities population health pressure public policy on alcohol skills social substance use theories violence prevention

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This K99/R00 proposal examines the joint impacts of local alcohol and cannabis policies on violence in California before and after recreational cannabis legalization in 2018. Self-directed and interpersonal violence are leading causes of death and injury in the United States. Changes in alcohol and cannabis use, driven by state cannabis legalization policies, may be important but unrecognized contributors to these outcomes. Alcohol’s role in violence is well established. Evidence on cannabis’ effects on violence is limited and mixed. Cannabis legalization could lower rates of alcohol-related violence through cannabis-alcohol substitution. Existing research on cannabis legalization often focuses on state-level variation. However, most states defer to city and county governments to implement cannabis legalization policies, including determining where outlets are located. Local control results in enormous local-level heterogeneity in local policies and outlet density. High geographic density of alcohol outlets increases rates of violence; recent studies report similar patterns for cannabis outlets. In legalizing states, cannabis outlets are being disproportionately co-located with alcohol outlets in low-socioeconomic status (SES) communities. However, no studies examine if and how local alcohol and cannabis policies together contribute to intoxicant saturation (i.e., high densities of both alcohol and cannabis outlets) in low-SES communities. Further, there is no evidence on whether co-located cannabis and alcohol outlets interact to affect the health of community residents. We will perform quasi-experimental geospatial analyses of publicly-derived policy, outlet, and administrative health data to: (1) assess how alcohol and cannabis policies in 241 California cities and counties impact outlet density and geographic co-location; (2) determine the interactive effects of alcohol and cannabis outlet densities on rates of emergency department visits, inpatient hospitalizations, and deaths due to self-harm and assault throughout California; (3) evaluate how the relationships documented above contribute to disparities in alcohol and cannabis outlet co-location, densities, and effects on self-harm and assault. The research plan is complemented by an exceptional mentorship team and training plan at the University of California, San Francisco and NIAAA-funded Prevention Research Center. The plan builds on the applicant’s background in violence prevention research and includes new training in alcohol and drug use as contributors to violence, alcohol and drug control policies, and geospatial statistical methods. The combined research and training plans will prepare the applicant for a successful independent epidemiology research career focused on how to design optimal alcohol and drug policies to prevent violence and reduce health disparities. This research aligns with NIAAA’s strategic goal to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of new policies for preventing alcohol-related consequences such as violence. This research is urgently needed as other localities consider cannabis legalization and models for regulation.

项目摘要/摘要这项K99/R00提案考试当地酒精和大麻政策对暴力行为的共同影响加利福尼亚在2018年休闲大麻合法化之前和之后。自我指导和人际暴力是美国的死亡和伤害原因。酒精和大麻使用的变化，驱动国家大麻合法化政策可能是重要的，但对这些结果的贡献不足。酒精在暴力行为中的作用已建立。大麻对暴力影响的证据是有限的和混合的。大麻合法化可以通过大麻 - 酒精替代品降低与酒精有关的暴力率。现有关于大麻合法化的研究通常集中于州级变化。但是，大多数州都遵守城市和县政府实施大麻合法化政策，包括确定出口地点位于位置。局部控制导致本地策略和出口密度的局部层面异质性巨大。高的酒精渠道的地理密度增加了暴力率；最近的研究报告了类似的模式大麻插座。在使国家合法化的情况下，大麻媒体与酒精的共同居住低社会经济状况（SES）社区的媒体。但是，没有研究考试以及当地酒精如何和大麻政策共同有助于抗毒饱和（即酒精和高密度低调社区中的大麻媒体）。此外，没有证据表明是否共同设立大麻和酒精插座相互作用以影响社区居民的健康。我们将对公共衍生的政策，出口和行政管理进行准实验的地理空间分析对：（1）评估241个加利福尼亚城市和县的酒精和大麻政策如何影响出口密度和地理共处；（2）确定酒精和大麻出口的互动效果急诊就诊，住院住院和自我伤害和死亡的密度密度整个加利福尼亚攻击；（3）评估上述关系如何有助于分布酒精和大麻出口共同置换，密度以及对自我伤害和攻击的影响。该研究计划由大学的杰出精明团队和培训计划完成加利福尼亚州，旧金山和NIAAA资助的预防研究中心。该计划建立在申请人的基础上暴力预防研究背景，包括作为贡献者的酒精和毒品使用的新培训暴力，酒精和药物控制政策以及地理空间统计方法。联合研究和培训计划将使申请人为成功的独立流行病学研究职业做好准备如何设计最佳的酒精和药物政策以防止暴力并减少健康差异。这项研究符合NIAAA的战略目标，以评估新的有效性和实施预防与酒精有关的后果（例如暴力）的政策。迫切需要这项研究其他地区考虑大麻合法化和监管模型。