Joint impacts of local alcohol and cannabis policies and outlet densities on violence

当地酒精和大麻政策以及销售点密度对暴力的共同影响

• 批准号: 10152353
• 负责人: Ellicott Colson Matthay
• 金额: $ 17.11万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-05-01 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10152353
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcohols; Algorithms; Area; California; Cannabis; Cause of Death; Censuses; Cessation of life; Cities; City Government; Code; Communities; Community Health; Complement; County; County Government; Crime; Data Set; Databases; Depressive disorder; Disinhibition; Drug Controls; Drug usage; Emergency department visit; Epidemiologist; Face; Feeling suicidal; Funding; Geography; Goals; Grant; Health; Heterogeneity; Hospitalization; Individual; Injury; Inpatients; Interpersonal Violence; Joints; Knowledge; Laws; Lead; Legal; Licensing; Link; Location; Medical; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Oranges; Outcome; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Policies; Population; Prevention Research; Psychoses; Quasi-experiment; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Training; Role; San Francisco; Self-Direction; Self-Injurious Behavior; Socioeconomic Status; Statistical Methods; Suicide attempt; Techniques; Training; United States; Universities; Variant; Violence; alcohol effect; alcohol outlet density; alcohol prevention; alcohol related consequences; assault; career; density; design; effectiveness evaluation; epidemiology study; health data; health disparity; low socioeconomic status; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; population health; pressure; public policy on alcohol; skills; social; substance use; theories; violence prevention

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This K99/R00 proposal examines the joint impacts of local alcohol and cannabis policies on violence in California before and after recreational cannabis legalization in 2018. Self-directed and interpersonal violence are leading causes of death and injury in the United States. Changes in alcohol and cannabis use, driven by state cannabis legalization policies, may be important but unrecognized contributors to these outcomes. Alcohol’s role in violence is well established. Evidence on cannabis’ effects on violence is limited and mixed. Cannabis legalization could lower rates of alcohol-related violence through cannabis-alcohol substitution. Existing research on cannabis legalization often focuses on state-level variation. However, most states defer to city and county governments to implement cannabis legalization policies, including determining where outlets are located. Local control results in enormous local-level heterogeneity in local policies and outlet density. High geographic density of alcohol outlets increases rates of violence; recent studies report similar patterns for cannabis outlets. In legalizing states, cannabis outlets are being disproportionately co-located with alcohol outlets in low-socioeconomic status (SES) communities. However, no studies examine if and how local alcohol and cannabis policies together contribute to intoxicant saturation (i.e., high densities of both alcohol and cannabis outlets) in low-SES communities. Further, there is no evidence on whether co-located cannabis and alcohol outlets interact to affect the health of community residents. We will perform quasi-experimental geospatial analyses of publicly-derived policy, outlet, and administrative health data to: (1) assess how alcohol and cannabis policies in 241 California cities and counties impact outlet density and geographic co-location; (2) determine the interactive effects of alcohol and cannabis outlet densities on rates of emergency department visits, inpatient hospitalizations, and deaths due to self-harm and assault throughout California; (3) evaluate how the relationships documented above contribute to disparities in alcohol and cannabis outlet co-location, densities, and effects on self-harm and assault. The research plan is complemented by an exceptional mentorship team and training plan at the University of California, San Francisco and NIAAA-funded Prevention Research Center. The plan builds on the applicant’s background in violence prevention research and includes new training in alcohol and drug use as contributors to violence, alcohol and drug control policies, and geospatial statistical methods. The combined research and training plans will prepare the applicant for a successful independent epidemiology research career focused on how to design optimal alcohol and drug policies to prevent violence and reduce health disparities. This research aligns with NIAAA’s strategic goal to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of new policies for preventing alcohol-related consequences such as violence. This research is urgently needed as other localities consider cannabis legalization and models for regulation.

项目摘要/摘要 这项K99/R00提案考试当地酒精和大麻政策对暴力行为的共同影响 加利福尼亚在2018年休闲大麻合法化之前和之后。自我指导和人际暴力 是美国的死亡和伤害原因。酒精和大麻使用的变化，驱动 国家大麻合法化政策可能是重要的，但对这些结果的贡献不足。 酒精在暴力行为中的作用已建立。大麻对暴力影响的证据是有限的和混合的。 大麻合法化可以通过大麻 - 酒精替代品降低与酒精有关的暴力率。 现有关于大麻合法化的研究通常集中于州级变化。但是，大多数州都遵守 城市和县政府实施大麻合法化政策，包括确定出口地点 位于位置。局部控制导致本地策略和出口密度的局部层面异质性巨大。高的 酒精渠道的地理密度增加了暴力率；最近的研究报告了类似的模式 大麻插座。在使国家合法化的情况下，大麻媒体与酒精的共同居住 低社会经济状况（SES）社区的媒体。但是，没有研究考试以及当地酒精如何 和大麻政策共同有助于抗毒饱和（即酒精和高密度 低调社区中的大麻媒体）。此外，没有证据表明是否共同设立大麻和 酒精插座相互作用以影响社区居民的健康。 我们将对公共衍生的政策，出口和行政管理进行准实验的地理空间分析 对：（1）评估241个加利福尼亚城市和县的酒精和大麻政策如何影响出口 密度和地理共处； （2）确定酒精和大麻出口的互动效果 急诊就诊，住院住院和自我伤害和死亡的密度密度 整个加利福尼亚攻击； （3）评估上述关系如何有助于分布 酒精和大麻出口共同置换，密度以及对自我伤害和攻击的影响。 该研究计划由大学的杰出精明团队和培训计划完成 加利福尼亚州，旧金山和NIAAA资助的预防研究中心。该计划建立在申请人的基础上 暴力预防研究背景，包括作为贡献者的酒精和毒品使用的新培训 暴力，酒精和药物控制政策以及地理空间统计方法。联合研究和 培训计划将使申请人为成功的独立流行病学研究职业做好准备 如何设计最佳的酒精和药物政策以防止暴力并减少健康差异。 这项研究符合NIAAA的战略目标，以评估新的有效性和实施 预防与酒精有关的后果（例如暴力）的政策。迫切需要这项研究 其他地区考虑大麻合法化和监管模型。

项目成果

What to Do When Everything Happens at Once: Analytic Approaches to Estimate the Health Effects of Co-Occurring Social Policies.

• DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxab005
• 发表时间: 2022-01-14
• 期刊: Epidemiologic reviews
• 影响因子: 5.5
• 作者: Matthay EC;Gottlieb LM;Rehkopf D;Tan ML;Vlahov D;Glymour MM
• 通讯作者: Glymour MM

Occupation and Educational Attainment Characteristics Associated With COVID-19 Mortality by Race and Ethnicity in California.

• DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.8406
• 发表时间: 2022-04-01
• 期刊: JAMA NETWORK OPEN
• 影响因子: 13.8
• 作者: Matthay, Ellicott C.;Duchowny, Kate A.;Riley, Alicia R.;Thomas, Marilyn D.;Chen, Yea-Hung;Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten;Glymour, M. Maria
• 通讯作者: Glymour, M. Maria

Heterogeneous treatment effects in social policy studies: An assessment of contemporary articles in the health and social sciences.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.04.009
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Annals of epidemiology
• 影响因子: 5.6

Application of Causal Inference Methods to Pooled Longitudinal Non- Randomized Studies: A Methodological Systematic Review.

因果推理方法在汇总纵向非随机研究中的应用：方法学系统评价。

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3282208/v1
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Research square
• 作者: Hufstedler,Heather;Mauer,Nicole;Yeboah,Edmund;Carr,Sinclair;Rahman,Sabahat;Danzer,AlexanderM;Debray,ThomasPA;Jong,ValentijnMT;Campbell,Harlan;Gustafson,Paul;Maxwell,Lauren;Jaenisch,Thomas;Matthay,EllicottC;Bärnighausen,Til
• 通讯作者: Bärnighausen,Til