Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Carriage among Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Ghana: A Post-vaccination Study

加纳镰状细胞病儿童的侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病和携带情况：疫苗接种后研究

• 批准号: 10621241
• 负责人: Eric Sampane-Donkor
• 金额: $ 12.51万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF GHANA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-12 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10621241
• 关键词: Address; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Antibiotics; Area; Bacteria; Child; Conjugate Vaccines; Control Groups; Country; Data; Development; Disease; Encapsulated; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Frequencies; Future; Ghana; Goals; High Prevalence; Immune system; Incidence; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Multi-Drug Resistance; Nasopharynx; Organism; Patients; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Persons; Pneumococcal Infections; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Polysaccharides; Population; Populations at Risk; Predisposition; Prevalence; Prevention; Preventive; Prophylactic treatment; Recommendation; Research Project Grants; Serotyping; Sickle Cell Anemia; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Upper respiratory tract; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; aged; design; insight; prophylactic; success; surveillance data; transmission process; vaccine trial

PROJECT SUMMARY Pneumococcal carriage is the precursor for development of pneumococcal disease, and is also responsible for transmission of the organism from person-to-person. Children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) are particularly susceptible to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to the i n a b i l i t y of their defective immune system to effectively handle encapsulated bacteria. This has led to the recommendation of anti-pneumococcal prophylaxis for SCD children including the administration of penicillin and the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) in the past. Though these prophylactic measures decreased the rate of IPD among SCD children, breakthrough disease still occurred, mostly in children aged <3 years. In the last decade, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) have become available in about 80% of the countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Epidemiological evidence from various studies indicate that PCVs can cause a shift in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes usually towards non- vaccines types in both carriage and disease. In areas of high SCD prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, pneumococcal surveillance data following introduction of PCVs remain scarce. The goal of this proposed study is to understand the epidemiology of pneumococcal carriage and invasive disease among children with SCD in the post-conjugate vaccine era in Ghana. To address this goal, we will execute three specific aims as follows: (i) to determine the frequency of pneumococci acquisition in SCD children vaccinated with PCV13 and evaluate the common serotypes carried and their persistence. (ii) to determine the incidence of IPD and the causative serotypes among children with SCD. (iii) to evaluate the antibiogram of pneumococci isolated from children with SCD and describe the penicillin and / or multidrug resistant clones. Information from the study would be useful in the prevention and management of pneumococcal infections among children with SCD in Ghana.

项目摘要 肺炎球菌是肺炎球菌疾病发展的前体，也是 负责将有机体传播到人之间。镰状细胞的孩子 疾病（SCD）特别容易受到侵入性肺炎球菌病（IPD）的影响 对他们有缺陷的免疫系统的i n a a b i i t y to有效处理包裹的 细菌。这导致了对SCD的抗炎球菌预防的建议 儿童在内，包括青霉素和23个价值多糖疫苗的儿童 （ppv23）过去。尽管这些预防性措施降低了IPD的速率 SCD儿童，突破性疾病仍在发生，主要是在年龄<3岁的儿童中。在最后 十年，肺炎球菌结合疫苗（PCV）已在约80％ 撒哈拉以南非洲的国家。来自各种研究的流行病学证据表明 PCV可能会导致肺炎球菌血清型的分布通常向非 - 疫苗类型的运输和疾病。在撒哈拉以南地区高SCD患病率的地区 引入PCV后的非洲，肺炎球菌监视数据仍然很少。目标 这项拟议的研究是了解肺炎球菌和 加纳后缀合物疫苗时代的SCD儿童的侵入性疾病。到 解决这个目标，我们将执行三个特定目标，如下所示：（i）确定频率 SCD儿童疫苗接种PCV13的肺炎球菌的收购并评估了常见 血清型及其持久性。 （ii）确定IPD的发生率和因果关系 SCD儿童的血清型。 （iii）评估分离的肺炎球菌的抗体图 来自患有SCD的儿童，描述青霉素和 /或耐多药的克隆。 该研究的信息对于预防和管理肺炎球菌将很有用 加纳SCD儿童的感染。