The Role of CD1a in Protecting Against Human Tuberculosis

CD1a 在预防人类结核病中的作用

• 批准号: 7959293
• 负责人: CHETAN SESHADRI
• 金额: $ 12.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7959293
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; African; Antigen Presentation; Antigens; Appointment; Bacteria; CD1 Antigens; CD1a antigen; Cell Wall; Chronic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Code; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Data; Defect; Dendritic Cells; Development; Diagnostic; Disease susceptibility; Environment; Faculty; Fellowship; Funding; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Goals; Grant; HIV; Health; Human; Human Genetics; Hypersensitivity; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunologic Factors; Immunologics; Immunology; In Vitro; Individual; Infant; Infection; Inflammatory; International; Laboratories; Lipid Biochemistry; Lipids; Mediating; Medicine; Mentors; Methods; Molecular Biology; Mycobacterium Infections; Mycobacterium bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Outcome; Peptides; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Physicians; Population; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Predisposition; Prevalence Study; Production; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Resources; Role; Scientist; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; South Africa; Specialist; Surface; System; T cell response; T-Lymphocyte; Tanzania; Techniques; Time; Training; Training Programs; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis Vaccines; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Vaccinated; Vaccination; Vaccines; Variant; Washington; Work; base; cohort; cytokine; design; early childhood; experience; interest; loss of function; medical schools; meetings; member; monocyte; mycobacterial; novel vaccines; promoter; prospective; response; transcription factor; vaccination against tuberculosis

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The applicant is a specialist in infectious diseases with a long-term interest in tuberculosis and international health. His background in basic and clinical research is the basis for the proposed research. He studied basic T-cell immunology at the NIH as a Howard Hughes Research Scholar and lipid antigen presentation by CD1 molecules as a research fellow at Harvard. As a resident, he assisted in a prevalence study of acute and chronic undiagnosed HIV in emergency rooms. He also designed, funded, executed, and published a field trial of in-vitro diagnostics for tuberculosis in Tanzania. His immediate goals are to study the role of lipid antigen presentation in the immunologic and clinical response to vaccination against tuberculosis. He will accomplish this using a number of specialized resources as part of a training program. First, the proposed mentor (Dr. Thomas Hawn) has experience studying common genetic variation in large human cohorts that will be applied for the first time to the CD1 system. Second, he will collaborate with Dr. Willem Hanekom who has established a prospective cohort of 5000 vaccinated infants in South Africa. Third, he will perform immunologic studies in collaboration with Dr. Branch Moody who has identified and synthesized a number of CD1-restricted mycobacterial lipid antigens. The applicant's long term goals are to seek a clinical appointment in a Division of Infectious Diseases at an academic center where he will devote at least 75% effort to managing a lab and/or collaborative clinical study. T-cell responses to M. tuberculosis specific peptides presented in the context of polymorphic MHC molecules have been identified and studied in human populations. However, the cell wall of M. tuberculosis also contains a number of unique lipids that are presented to T-cells in the context of CD1 molecules. Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the only registered TB vaccine currently available and protects against severe forms of TB in early childhood. Whether CD1 antigen specific T-cells are induced after BCG vaccination and correlate with protection from TB is not known. Compared to MHC molecules which are known for their genetic and functional polymorphism, CD1 is considered to display limited variability. The association between genetic variation of the five genes in the CD1 locus (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e) and susceptibility to tuberculosis is also not known. The laboratory of the proposed mentor, Dr. Thomas R. Hawn, has identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in innate immune genes and performed functional studies to elucidate loss of function phenotypes. These methods will be used to study the role of CD1a in protection against tuberculosis in South African infants vaccinated with BCG. Preliminary data suggests that some individuals infected with M. tuberculosis fail to express CD1a on the surface of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in response to inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the applicant will first investigate the mechanism of CD1a gene regulation and expression. Dideoxymycobactin (DDM) is a CD1a-specific mycobacterial antigen identified by Dr. Branch Moody and studied in adults with active tuberculosis, as reported in the preliminary data. In collaboration with Dr. Moody, the applicant will determine if DDM-specific T-cells are induced after BCG vaccination and whether these responses are associated with protection. Finally, the applicant has identified associations between polymorphisms in CD1a and tuberculosis outcome in adults. He proposes to study the effect of these polymorphisms on gene expression and antigen presentation. He will also study the association of these polymorphisms with immunologic and clinical outcome in the BCG vaccinated infants. The lack of immune correlates of protection against tuberculosis has hindered the development of new drugs and vaccines. The work proposed here will directly assess the contribution of CD1-mediated lipid antigen presentation as a correlate of protection against tuberculosis. This work will be performed at the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle. The applicant and proposed mentor are in the Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases which consists of 73 full- time faculty members whose total grant support exceeds $135 million annually. This Division is an ideal environment for training physician-scientists since more than 80% of past fellowship trainees have obtained faculty positions in academic medicine. The applicant proposed research takes advantage of his strong background in T-cell immunology and lipid biochemistry but requires additional training in molecular biology, innate immunology, and human genetics. He has detailed coursework, seminars, and meetings to address these needs. He has also assembled a scientific advisory panel to provide one-on-one expertise. Finally, the proposed mentor has a demonstrated track record with these techniques and has successfully mentored other junior scientists.

描述（由申请人提供）：申请人是传染病专家，对结核病和国际卫生有长期兴趣。他的基础和临床研究背景是拟议研究的基础。他作为霍华德休斯研究学者在 NIH 研究基础 T 细胞免疫学，并作为哈佛大学研究员研究 CD1 分子的脂质抗原呈递。作为一名住院医师，他协助急诊室中急性和慢性未确诊艾滋病毒的流行率研究。他还在坦桑尼亚设计、资助、执行并发表了一项结核病体外诊断现场试验。他的近期目标是研究脂质抗原呈递在结核疫苗接种的免疫学和临床反应中的作用。作为培训计划的一部分，他将使用许多专业资源来实现这一目标。首先，拟议的导师（Thomas Hawn 博士）拥有研究大型人类群体中常见遗传变异的经验，这些经验将首次应用于 CD1 系统。其次，他将与 Willem Hanekom 博士合作，后者在南非建立了一个由 5000 名接种疫苗的婴儿组成的前瞻性队列。第三，他将与 Branch Moody 博士合作进行免疫学研究，Branch Moody 博士已鉴定并合成了许多 CD1 限制性分枝杆菌脂质抗原。申请人的长期目标是在学术中心的传染病科寻求临床任命，在那里他将投入至少 75% 的精力来管理实验室和/或合作临床研究。 T 细胞对多态性 MHC 分子中存在的结核分枝杆菌特异性肽的反应已在人群中得到鉴定和研究。然而，结核分枝杆菌的细胞壁还含有许多独特的脂质，这些脂质在 CD1 分子的背景下呈递给 T 细胞。牛分枝杆菌卡介苗 (BCG) 是目前唯一可用的注册结核病疫苗，可预防儿童早期感染严重形式的结核病。接种卡介苗后是否会诱导 CD1 抗原特异性 T 细胞并与结核病预防相关尚不清楚。与以其遗传和功能多态性而闻名的 MHC 分子相比，CD1 被认为表现出有限的变异性。 CD1 基因座中五个基因（CD1a、CD1b、CD1c、CD1d 和 CD1e）的遗传变异与结核病易感性之间的关联尚不清楚。拟议导师 Thomas R. Hawn 博士的实验室已鉴定出先天免疫基因中的单核苷酸多态性 (SNP)，并进行了功能研究以阐明功能表型的丧失。这些方法将用于研究 CD1a 在预防接种卡介苗的南非婴儿预防结核病中的作用。 初步数据表明，一些感染结核分枝杆菌的个体无法在单核细胞衍生的树突状细胞表面表达 CD1a 以响应炎症细胞因子。因此，申请人将首先研究CD1a基因调控和表达的机制。双脱氧分枝杆菌素 (DDM) 是一种 CD1a 特异性分枝杆菌抗原，由 Branch Moody 博士鉴定，并在患有活动性结核病的成人中进行了研究，如初步数据所示。申请人将与 Moody 博士合作，确定接种 BCG 疫苗后是否会诱导 DDM 特异性 T 细胞，以及这些反应是否与保护相关。最后，申请人确定了 CD1a 多态性与成人结核病结果之间的关联。他建议研究这些多态性对基因表达和抗原呈递的影响。他还将研究这些多态性与接种 BCG 疫苗的婴儿的免疫学和临床结果的关联。缺乏预防结核病的免疫相关因素阻碍了新药和疫苗的开发。这里提出的工作将直接评估 CD1 介导的脂质抗原呈递作为预防结核病的相关性的贡献。 这项工作将在西雅图华盛顿大学医学院进行。申请人和提议的导师来自过敏和传染病部门，该部门由 73 名全职教员组成，每年的资助总额超过 1.35 亿美元。该部门是培训医师科学家的理想环境，因为超过 80% 的过去的研究员学员获得了学术医学教职。申请人提出的研究利用了他在 T 细胞免疫学和脂质生物化学方面的强大背景，但需要在分子生物学、先天免疫学和人类遗传学方面接受额外的培训。他有详细的课程作业、研讨会和会议来满足这些需求。他还组建了一个科学顾问小组来提供一对一的专业知识。最后，拟议的导师在这些技术方面拥有良好的记录，并成功指导了其他初级科学家。