Cortical Dynamics Underlying Interactive Language Use

交互语言使用的皮层动力学

• 批准号: 10613931
• 负责人: MICHAEL A LONG
• 金额: $ 61.44万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-05 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10613931
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anatomy; Apraxias; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Buffers; Clinical; Communication impairment; Consensus; Data; Disease; Electric Stimulation; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Future; Goals; Human; Individual; Inferior frontal gyrus; Knowledge; Language; Left; Linguistics; Measures; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Motor; Names; Output; Patients; Population; Process; Production; Research; Role; Semantics; Sensory; Series; Services; Short-Term Memory; Site; Speech; Stuttering; Surface; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic Intervention; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; Work; autism spectrum disorder; behavior measurement; density; design; experience; experimental study; neural; neuromechanism; operation; phonology; reconstruction; response; social; temporal measurement; therapy design

Project Summary/Abstract This project will investigate the neural mechanisms underlying utterance planning in the service of spoken interactions. We hypothesize that planning-related activity within specific cortical sites enables the rapid vocal exchanges necessary for fluent human conversation. To test this hypothesis, we will identify planning regions using electrocorticography (ECoG), a technique with sufficient temporal and spatial precision to localize neural responses in subjects engaged in both controlled interactions and unstructured conversation. In preliminary data, we found that activity within the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; containing Broca’s region) is often tied to utterance planning. We will characterize ECoG responses by isolating both the linguistic processing and phonological output buffer (i.e., working memory) components of these responses. We will then determine the importance of planning-related activity by examining behavioral effects that result from complementary reversible cortical perturbations. In Aim 1, we will use ECoG to test our hypothesis that specific cortical sites are involved in speech-selective motor planning in both controlled interactions (i.e., a question-answer paradigm) as well as natural, ethologically-relevant conversation. In Aim 2, we will dissect utterance planning into its component parts using two different approaches: (1) a ‘command-response’ paradigm with increasing relevance to speech (as opposed to other motor acts) to determine the degree to which these responses can be characterized as linguistic processing and (2) a variable delay picture naming task to isolate the phonological output buffering component of the observed planning activity. In Aim 3, we will assess the necessity of planning-related activity for vocal interactions by measuring the behavioral deficits that occur following transient perturbations of planning regions. Direct cortical stimulation will be used to disrupt planning activity with high temporal precision. Mild focal brain surface cooling will be used as a complementary method of modulating the temporal dynamics of planning activity. From our studies, we will investigate the cortical network enabling vocal interactions to better understand the neural mechanisms underlying turn-taking with the broader goal of informing future therapeutic interventions designed to address the clinical conditions affecting human social language use.

项目摘要/摘要 该项目将调查口语服务中的神经机制 互动。我们假设在特定皮质部位内与计划相关的活动可以快速发声 流利的人类对话所需的交流。为了检验这一假设，我们将确定计划区域 使用电视学（ECOG），这是一种具有足够临时和空间精度的技术 受控相互作用和非结构化对话的受试者的神经反应。在 初步数据，我们发现下额回（IFG；包含Broca区域）的活动通常是 与话语计划有关。我们将通过隔离语言处理来表征ECOG响应 和语音输出缓冲区（即工作记忆）组件的组件。然后我们将确定 通过检查完成的行为影响，与计划相关的活动的重要性 可逆皮质扰动。 在AIM 1中，我们将使用ECOG检验我们的假设，即特定皮质位点参与语音选择性 在受控互动（即提问范式）和自然的互动中的运动规划 与伦理学有关的对话。 在AIM 2中，我们将使用两种不同的方法将话语规划分解为其组成部分：（1）A 与语音相关的“命令响应”范式（与其他电动行为相对）增加了 确定可以将这些响应表征为语言处理的程度和（2）A 可变延迟图片命名任务以隔离观察到的语音输出缓冲组件 计划活动。 在AIM 3中，我们将通过测量量 行为定义了在计划区域的短暂扰动之后发生的。直接皮质刺激 将使用高临时精度来破坏计划活动。轻度局灶性脑表面冷却将是 用作调节计划活动的临时动态的完整方法。 从我们的研究中，我们将研究皮质网络，从而使人声相互作用更好地理解 转弯的基础神经元机制具有更广泛的目标，以告知未来治疗 旨在解决影响人类社会语言使用的临床状况的干预措施。