Impact of Environmental Modifications on Vector Ecology and Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria

环境改造对恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫疟疾媒介生态和传播的影响

• 批准号: 10608070
• 负责人: Guiyun Yan
• 金额: $ 93.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10608070
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Agriculture; Antibodies; Area; Behavior; Biological Assay; Bite; Breeding; Communities; Competence; Cost Effectiveness Analysis; Coupled; Culicidae; Data; Development; Ecology; Economic Development; Effectiveness; Enrollment; Environment; Environmental Impact; Epidemiologic Monitoring; Epidemiology; Ethiopia; Evaluation; Face; Famines; Farm; Fiber; Future; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Variation; Genetic Vectors; Genotype; Germ Cells; Incidence; Infection; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Intervention; Irrigation; Kenya; Knowledge; Malaria; Malaria prevention; Membrane; Modeling; Modification; Molecular; Monitor; Parasites; Participant; Pathogenesis; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Policy Maker; Population; Population Dynamics; Population Genetics; Poverty; Productivity; Prospective, cohort study; Public Health; Resistance; Resource Development; Seasons; Site; Spatial Distribution; Structure; Time; Vector Ecology; Vivax Malaria; Water; acquired immunity; cost effectiveness; data exchange; environmental change; epidemiological model; feeding; food security; food shortage; genetic information; improved; malaria transmission; mathematical model; next generation; novel; novel strategies; poverty alleviation; programs; public health relevance; pyrethroid; sensor; success; synergism; tool; transmission process; trial design; vector; vector competence; vector control; vector management strategies; vector transmission

PROJECT 2 PROJECT SUMMARY Impact of Environmental Modifications on Vector Ecology and Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria Most of the population in sub-Saharan Africa faces the constant threat of famine. Approaches to the famine problem need to address the underlying conditions that make food shortages endemic. Construction of dams and irrigated agricultural farms has been widely recognized as a key solution to promoting food security and alleviating poverty. A large number of dams, microdams and irrigated farms have been developed in Africa in the past decade, and many are under construction or being planned. These water resource development projects are anticipated to cause major changes in the ecology of malaria vectors. How changes to the vector ecology alter transmission dynamics is however not clear. New interventions that can effectively suppress malaria transmission while simultaneously increasing agricultural productivity are urgently needed. The central objective of this project is to examine the impact of environmental modifications from water resource development projects on vector ecology and malaria transmission in Kenya and Ethiopia. The central hypothesis is that malaria transmission dynamics is strongly influenced by environmental modifications from water resource development projects. These water resource development projects create more stable and productive breeding sites and disrupt transmission. As a result, seasonality, spatial distribution, vector community structure, and vector competence get altered. We propose four specific aims: 1) assess the impact of environmental modifications from water resource development projects on vector bionomics and malaria transmission dynamics, 2) determine the effects of environmental modifications on vector population genetics and vector competence, 3) evaluate the impact of next-generation nets recently introduced as a part of the public health program, on malaria incidence and vector insecticide resistance under different environmental conditions, and 4) model the cost-effectiveness of novel integrated vector management approaches suitable to areas with extensive environmental modifications. The project will significantly enhance our understanding of the impact of environmental modifications on malaria vector ecology and the underlying ecological and genetic mechanisms for altered transmission. Through modeling of cost-effectiveness of new integrated vector intervention approaches, this project will provide important information that can guide future field trial design and inform policy makers of new malaria control approaches. Malaria outdoor transmission, pyrethroid resistance, and environmental modifications are presently of great concern and urgent issues that need to be addressed globally. Thus, our results can have far reaching and broad implications on malaria prevention and control.

项目2 项目摘要 环境修饰对矢量生态学的影响 和疟原虫恶性疟原虫和疟原虫的传播 撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数人口面临着饥荒的不断威胁。方法 饥荒的问题需要解决造成粮食短缺的潜在条件 流行。大坝和灌溉农场的建设已被广泛认可 作为促进粮食安全和减轻贫困的关键解决方案。大量大坝， 在过去的十年中，非洲已经开发了微型和灌溉农场，许多 正在建设或计划。这些水资源开发项目是 预计会导致疟疾载体生态学的重大变化。如何变化 但是，矢量生态改变传播动态尚不清楚。可以 有效抑制疟疾传播，同时增加农业 迫切需要生产力。该项目的核心目的是检查 水资源开发项目的环境修改对 肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的媒介生态学和疟疾传播。中央 假设是疟疾传播动态受到强烈的影响 水资源开发项目的环境修改。这些水 资源开发项目创建了更稳定和富有成效的繁殖场所， 中断传输。结果，季节性，空间分布，矢量社区 结构和向量能力被改变。我们提出了四个具体目标：1）评估 水资源开发项目的环境修改对 载体生物组学和疟疾传播动力学，2）确定 对载体种群遗传学和向量能力的环境修改，3） 评估最近引入的下一代网的影响，作为公共卫生的一部分 计划，关于不同的疟疾发病率和媒介杀虫剂的抗性 环境条件和4）建模新型综合向量的成本效益 管理方法适用于具有广泛环境修改的区域。这 项目将大大增强我们对环境影响的理解 对疟疾媒介生态学以及潜在的生态和遗传的修改 改变传输的机制。通过建模新的成本效益 集成向量干预方法，该项目将提供重要信息 可以指导未来的现场试用设计并告知决策者新的疟疾控制 方法。疟疾室外变速器，拟除虫菊酯抵抗和环境 目前，修改是非常关注的问题和紧急问题 在全球范围内解决。因此，我们的结果可能对 预防和控制疟疾。