Environmental Modifications in sub-Saharan Africa: Changing Epidemiology, Transmission and Pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria

撒哈拉以南非洲的环境改变：恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫的流行病学、传播和发病机制的变化

• 批准号: 10395017
• 负责人: Guiyun Yan
• 金额: $ 107.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-15 至 2024-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10395017
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Agricultural Development; Agriculture; Antibodies; Area; Australia; Basic Science; Beds; Biology; Blood; Breeding; Chronic; Country; Culicidae; Development; Droughts; Ecology; Economics; Ecosystem; Effectiveness; Environmental Impact; Epidemiology; Ethiopia; Famines; Farming environment; Genetic; Germ Cells; Goals; Growth; Habitats; Health; Horns; Human; Humoral Immunities; Hunger; Immune; Immunity; Immunology; Individual; Infection; Insecticides; Institution; Intervention; Investments; Irrigation; Kenya; Knowledge; Malaria; Memory B-Lymphocyte; Modification; Molecular; Office of Administrative Management; Outcome; Pathogenesis; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Policies; Population; Predisposition; Primaquine; Productivity; Rain; Relapse; Research Personnel; Residual state; Resource Development; Rural; Scheme; Sedimentation process; Site; Testing; Translational Research; Vector Ecology; Vivax Malaria; Vulnerable Populations; Water; adverse outcome; age related; asexual; burden of illness; data management; environmental change; experience; food insecurity; food security; human migration; malaria transmission; novel; population movement; programs; public health relevance; tool; transmission process; vector; vector control; vector transmission

Environmental Modifications in sub-Saharan Africa: Changing Epidemiology, Transmission and Pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax Malaria PROGRAM SUMMARY Chronic hunger, food insecurity and famine continue to affect millions of residents of sub- Saharan Africa. Most people in African countries depend on rain-fed agriculture, making these populations vulnerable to drought and famine. Construction of dams and initiating rural irrigation schemes has been widely recognized as key solutions to food security and economic growth in drought prone regions. In the past decade, sub-Saharan African countries have experienced a new era of large dam constructions and expansion of irrigated agricultural farms. These environmental changes may have unforeseen ecologic consequences that adversely affect human health. However, to date there has been limited basic or translational research to evaluate the impact of water resource development and shifting agricultural practices on malaria ecosystems and attendant changes in the epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis of malaria. To address the major knowledge gaps and challenges in malaria control and elimination in the face of drastic environmental modifications in sub-Saharan Africa, our ICEMR established a consortium with outstanding institutions and investigators from the US, Australia, Kenya and Ethiopia to study scientific questions important to the global malaria control and elimination effort, especially to the countries in the Greater Horn of Africa. The overarching goal of this ICEMR project is to assess the impact of human-induced environmental modifications such as dam construction, irrigation and shifting agricultural practices on the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis and immunology of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria in highly populated Kenya and Ethiopia where major investments in water resource development projects are taking place. The ICEMR has three projects, each with multiple specific objectives. Project 1 will assess the impact of environmental modifications from water resource development projects on P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria epidemiology at the molecular, individual, field and population levels. Project 2 will examine the impact of environmental modifications on vector ecology and transmission, the outcomes of which will inform new integrated vector control approaches. Project 3 aims to determine the impact of environmental modifications on malaria pathogenesis and immunity by elucidating the immune mechanisms underlying susceptibility to symptomatic malaria and evaluating humoral immunity to gametocytes. The administrative and data management cores will provide support to the entire program. Knowledge gained from this ICEMR is important to malaria control, not only for the two study countries studied, but also to other regions of Africa prone to drought, famine, and large scale human population movement.

撒哈拉以南非洲的环境修改：流行病学变化， 恶性疟原虫和疟原虫疟疾的传播和发病机理 程序摘要 慢性饥饿，粮食不安全和饥荒继续影响数百万个亚的居民 撒哈拉非洲。非洲国家的大多数人都依靠雨水养农业，使 这些人群容易遭受干旱和饥荒。大坝的建设和启动农村 灌溉计划已被广泛认为是粮食安全和 干旱地区的经济增长。在过去的十年中，撒哈拉以南非洲人 各国经历了一个大型大坝建筑的新时代，并扩大了灌溉 农场。这些环境变化可能具有无法预料的生态 不利影响人类健康的后果。但是，到目前为止有限 基础或翻译研究，以评估水资源开发的影响和 转移有关疟疾生态系统和随之而改变的农业实践的变化 疟疾的流行病学，传播和发病机理。解决主要知识 面对急剧环境的疟疾控制和消除的差异和挑战 在撒哈拉以南非洲的修改，我们的ICEMR建立了一个具有杰出的财团 来自美国，澳大利亚，肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的机构和调查人员研究科学 对全球疟疾控制和消除工作很重要的问题，尤其是对 非洲大角的国家。这个ICEMR项目的总体目标是 评估人类引起的环境修饰（例如大坝）的影响 关于流行病学的建设，灌溉和转移的农业实践， 恶性疟原虫和疟原虫的传播，发病机理和免疫学 人口稠密的肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的疟疾在水上进行了重大投资 资源开发项目正在进行。 ICEMR有三个项目，每个项目 具有多个特定目标。项目1将评估环境的影响 关于恶性疟原虫和Vivax的水资源开发项目的修改 分子，个体，田间和人口水平的疟疾流行病学。项目2将 检查环境修饰对向量生态学和传播的影响， 结果将为新的集成向量控制方法提供信息。项目3的目的是 确定环境修饰对疟疾发病机理和免疫力的影响 通过阐明对有症状疟疾的敏感性和 评估对配子细胞的体液免疫。行政和数据管理 核心将为整个程序提供支持。从这个ICEMR中获得的知识是 对疟疾控制很重要，不仅对研究国家，而且对 非洲的其他地区容易干旱，饥荒和大规模人口 移动。