BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE FOR PRIMATES

灵长类动物脑机接口

• 批准号: 7716371
• 负责人: EBERHARD E FETZ
• 金额: $ 17.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7716371
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Behavior; Cells; Clinical; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Computers; Corticospinal Tracts; Distal; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electromyography; Feedback; Forearm; Funding; Grant; Home environment; Implant; Institution; Left; Lesion; Limb structure; Mammals; Memory; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle; Nerve Block; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Output; Paralysed; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Physiologic pulse; Play; Primates; Pulse taking; Records; Recurrence; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Site; Source; Spinal Injuries; Spinal cord injury; Stimulus; Testing; Torque; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Upper arm; brain computer interface; free behavior; limb movement; motor control; relating to nervous system

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. In mammals the motor cortex plays a crucial role in controlling limb movements. After losing connections between motor cortex and muscles (as in spinal cord injury or lesions of the corticospinal tract) primates lose their ability to voluntarily activate distal limb muscles, although cortex and muscles may still be functional. Toward testing whether this gap can be bridged with an artificial connection, we have developed an implantable "brain-computer interface" [BCI]. A miniature computer chip amplifies and detects the activity of a motor cortical neuron recorded through an implanted movable electrode, and a second chip records EMG activity of 2 arm muscles. The neural and muscle activity patterns during free behavior are stored to onboard memory for subsequent download via an infrared interface. We found that the correlations between motor cortex cells and arm muscles can be significantly different while the monkey moves freely about the home cage than during performance of controlled movements in the recording booth. The BCI can also operate in a recurrent mode, converting the recorded action potentials to stimulus pulses delivered to an adjacent site in the motor cortex. Continuous operation of this artificial recurrent connection has produced long-term plasticity in cortical connections, evidenced by consistent changes in the output effects evoked by microstimulation of the connected sites. We are also investigating the use of the recurrent BCI to deliver stimuli to forearm muscles triggered by cortical cell activity. Monkeys were trained to use cortical cell activity to trigger functional electrical stimulation of muscles paralyzed by nerve block, thereby generating appropriate forces to acquire torque targets. By leaving this artificial feedback loop in place chronically we will study the monkeys' ability to incorporate this additional new circuit into normal behavior. The recurrent BCI has clinical potential to aid patients paralyzed by ALS or spinal injury to regain some motor control directly from cortical cells and may also strengthen weak connections.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 中心，不一定是研究者的机构。 在哺乳动物中，运动皮层在控制肢体运动中起着至关重要的作用。 在运动皮层和肌肉之间失去联系后（如脊髓损伤或皮质脊髓束损伤），灵长类动物失去了主动激活远端肢体肌肉的能力，尽管皮层和肌肉可能仍然具有功能。 为了测试是否可以通过人工连接来弥补这一差距，我们开发了一种可植入的“脑机接口”[BCI]。 微型计算机芯片放大并检测通过植入的可移动电极记录的运动皮质神经元的活动，第二个芯片记录两条手臂肌肉的肌电图活动。 自由行为期间的神经和肌肉活动模式被存储到板载存储器中，以便随后通过红外接口下载。 我们发现，当猴子在笼子里自由移动时，运动皮层细胞和手臂肌肉之间的相关性可能与在录音室中进行受控运动时明显不同。 BCI 还可以在循环模式下运行，将记录的动作电位转换为刺激脉冲，传递到运动皮层的相邻部位。 这种人工循环连接的持续运行已经在皮质连接中产生了长期的可塑性，通过连接部位的微刺激引起的输出效果的持续变化证明了这一点。我们还在研究使用循环脑机接口向皮质细胞活动触发的前臂肌肉提供刺激。 猴子被训练使用皮质细胞活动来触发因神经阻滞而瘫痪的肌肉的功能性电刺激，从而产生适当的力来获得扭矩目标。 通过长期保留这种人工反馈回路，我们将研究猴子将这种额外的新回路纳入正常行为的能力。 复发性 BCI 具有临床潜力，可以帮助因 ALS 或脊髓损伤而瘫痪的患者直接从皮质细胞重新获得一些运动控制，并且还可以加强薄弱的连接。