Project 2: The effects of advertising and correctives for reduced harm tobacco products

项目 2：广告和纠正措施对减少烟草危害的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10251277
负责人：
Joseph Nicholas Cappella
金额：
$ 50.91万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-14 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10251277
关键词：
Address Advertisements Advertising Affect Archives Attention Attitude Authorization documentation Awareness Behavior Belief Belief System Cigarette Cognitive Communication Conflict (Psychology)Court Decisions Deception Decision Making Education Etiology Exposure to Fostering Generations Goals Health Implicit Association Test Industry Intention Knowledge Label Light Link Marketing Measures Mediating Mediation Methods Mind Misinformation Modified Risk Tobacco Product Monitor Outcome Perception Pilot Projects Procedures Product Approvals Protocols documentation Published Comment Recording of previous events Regulation Research Research Activity Role Series Services Smoker Smoking Behavior Specificity Target Populations Tars Techniques Testing Tobacco Industry Tobacco use Vendor Visual Visual attention Vulnerable Populations base behavior measurement behavior test behavioral outcome biobehavior combustible tobacco decision research design former smoker heated tobacco products member next generation outcome prediction risk perception standard measure success tobacco advertising tobacco products visual tracking

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Project 2 develops correctives for the next generation of “reduced harm” combustible tobacco products (Modified Risk Tobacco Products -- MRTPs). The history of reduced harm tobacco products is one of outright deception and false inferences by consumers. As a new generation of MRTPs becomes more widely available, the possibility of misperception arises once again despite strong regulatory oversight by the FDA. Project 2 develops scientifically rigorous protocols to establish the magnitude and strength of inaccurate beliefs created by advertising and marketing practices for MRTPs in target audiences. While studies of the health consequences of MRTPs is crucial to regulating their use and to informing the public, inferences made by consumers are often unpredictable but nonetheless may still be predictive of attitudes toward use and intentions to try the products. When such perceptions are misleading, produced by advertising content, and causally predictive of outcomes, they identify themselves as addressable targets in corrective communications. The studies proposed in project 2 focus on advertising claims about combustible MRTPs identifying the beliefs affected by such claims – both harms and benefits – in the minds of both likely users (that is smokers) and one class of non-users (former smokers). Studies also examine whether these beliefs are causally related to outcomes using standard statistical mediation criteria and other, newer methods – so-called encouragement designs – to build an empirical base to shore up the statistical case of mediation. With strong causal evidence for the ad-to-belief-to-outcome causal sequence, the specific beliefs implicated become the targets for corrective communications and warnings. Communications to correct misleading beliefs are developed and tested in contexts using covert and overt cognitive measures and in subsequent studies using biobehavioral measures of visual attention and smoking behavior. Warnings that focus on beliefs identified as causally linked to advertising content and as predictors of attitudinal, intentional, and behavioral outcomes should be effective communications because their targets are well-selected to minimize false beliefs that are derived from the belief systems of members of the target audience. The goal of project 2 is to foster informed consumer decision-making about MRTPs. It would be a disservice to the public to encourage the use of MRTPs for the wrong reasons anchored in misinformation even if these products are relatively less risky than other tobacco products. Current FDA procedures for authorization of MRTPs require information from vendors about the ad content being proposed for the specific product and the warnings anticipated. This content needs to be assessed carefully and independently using cutting-edge methods to fully determine the impact of such advertising on beliefs about MRTPs both overtly and covertly. The research proposed advances the regulatory goals of the FDA with regard to combustible MRTPs by advancing cutting edge techniques to generate, design and test correctives for these new products.

项目摘要项目2为下一代“减少伤害”混合烟草产品开发纠正措施（改良的风险烟草产品-MRTPS）。减少伤害烟草产品的历史是彻底的消费者的欺骗和虚假推论。随着新一代MRTP变得更加广泛可用的是，FDA再次出现了误解的可能性。项目2制定了科学严格的协议，以确定不准确的规模和强度相信目标受众中的MRTP的广告和营销实践创造。而研究 MRTPS的健康后果对于调节其使用和告知公众至关重要，做出的推论消费者通常是不可预测的，但是仍然可以预测与会者使用和打算尝试产品。当这种看法具有误导性时，通过广告内容产生，并且在因果预测结果的情况下，他们将自己确定为正确通信中的可寻址目标。项目2中提出的研究重点是关于混合MRTP的广告主张。相信受到这两种用户的脑海中的这种索赔（包括危害和利益）的影响（这是吸烟者）还有一类非用户（前吸烟者）。研究还检查了这些信念是否有时是相关的使用标准统计调解标准和其他较新的方法进行结果 - 所谓的鼓励设计 - 建立一个经验基础，以提高调解的统计案例。有强有力的因果证据表明了对结果到结果的因果序列，具体信念实施成为正确通信和警告的目标。纠正沟通使用秘密和公开认知措施以及在随后的研究使用了视觉注意力和吸烟行为的生物行为测量。警告专注于被认为偶尔与广告内容相关的信念，并作为态度，故意，行为结果应该是有效的沟通，因为它们的目标是充分选择的最大程度地减少来自目标受众成员的信念系统的错误信念。项目2的目标是培养有关MRTP的知情消费者决策。这将是一个损害公众，以鼓励使用MRTP，原因是错误的原因即使这些产品的风险比其他烟草产品相对较小。当前的FDA程序授权MRTP需要供应商的信息，以了解针对特定的广告内容产品和警告预期。需要使用该内容仔细和独立地评估此内容完整确定此类广告对MRTP的影响的尖端方法和秘密。该研究提出的提高了FDA关于复杂的监管目标 MRTP通过推进尖端技术来生成，设计和测试这些新产品的纠正措施。