4D Transcranial Acoustoelectric Imaging for High Resolution Functional Mapping of Neuronal Currents

4D 经颅声电成像用于神经元电流的高分辨率功能映射

• 批准号: 10007275
• 负责人: Russell S Witte
• 金额: $ 68.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-30 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10007275
• 关键词: 4D Imaging; Acoustics; Adult; Behavior Disorders; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Diagnosis; Disease; Electricity; Electrodes; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology (science); Elements; Engineering; Epilepsy; Equipment; Evoked Potentials; Excision; Family suidae; Focused Ultrasound; Frequencies; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Head; Human; Image; Imaging Device; Intervention; Intractable Epilepsy; Maps; Measures; Mechanics; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Modality; Modeling; Monitor; Motion; Neurologic; Neuronavigation; Neurons; Neurosciences; Noise; Operative Surgical Procedures; Outcome; Parkinson Disease; Patients; Performance; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Positron-Emission Tomography; Psychologist; Resolution; Scanning; Seizures; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Somatosensory Evoked Potentials; Speed; Structure; Surface; System; Technology; Thalamic structure; Time; Ultrasonic Transducer; Ultrasonography; Validation; Vision; brain volume; cranium; data acquisition; density; healthy volunteer; high resolution imaging; human subject; imager; imaging platform; improved; in vivo; mobile computing; multidisciplinary; nervous system disorder; next generation; novel; prototype; radio frequency; relating to nervous system; sensor; temporal measurement

ABSTRACT The overarching goal of this project is to optimize, validate and implement a revolutionary and safe modality for noninvasive functional imaging of neural currents deep in the human brain through the skull at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Transcranial Acoustoelectric Brain Imaging (tABI) is a disruptive technology that exploits pulses of ultrasound (US) to transiently interact with physiologic current, producing a radiofrequency (RF) signature detected by one or more sensors (e.g., surface electrodes). By rapidly sweeping the US beam and simultaneously detecting these RF modulations, 4D high resolution current density maps are generated. This approach overcomes limitations with electroencephalography (EEG), which suffers from poor spatial resolution and inaccuracies due to blurring of electrical signals as they pass through the brain and skull, and, unlike fMRI and PET that measure slow “intrinsic” signals, tABI directly maps fast time-varying current within a defined brain volume at the mm and ms scales. As a disruptive and scalable modality for noninvasive human brain imaging, tABI offers the following benefits: 1) High spatial resolution determined by the US focus (e.g., 0.3 – 3 mm); 2) Real-time, volumetric imaging of local field potentials and evoked activity; 3) 4D imaging of neural currents from deep brain structures without assuming the conductivity distribution; and 4) Co-registration of neural currents (tABI) with brain structure, motion (pulse echo US) and cerebral blood flow (Doppler). Our multidisciplinary team of engineers, physicists, neuroscientists, psychologists, and imagers will overcome the primary challenge of detecting weak interaction signals through skull at safe US intensities. To demonstrate tABI as a safe and reliable modality for electrical brain imaging at the mm and ms scales in healthy volunteers, we propose to 1) Optimize, calibrate, and validate tABI using established human head and in vivo swine models; 2) Develop and validate the first tABI platform for functional brain imaging in human subjects; 2a) Assess extraoperative tABI for mapping patients with intractable epilepsy referred for surgery; and 2b) Assess tABI for mapping somatotopic organization in healthy volunteers. If successful, this project will deliver a safe, revolutionary and mobile technology for noninvasive human brain imaging with the goal of transforming our understanding of brain function and help diagnose, stage, monitor and treat a wide variety of neurologic (e.g., epilepsy, Parkinson’s), psychiatric (e.g., depression) and behavioral (e.g., OCD) disorders.

抽象的 该项目的总体目标是优化、验证和实施革命性的安全模式 用于通过颅骨对人脑深处的神经电流进行无创功能成像 经颅声电脑成像 (tABI) 是一种前所未有的空间和时间分辨率。 利用超声波（US）脉冲与生理电流瞬时相互作用的颠覆性技术， 产生由一个或多个传感器（例如表面电极）检测到的射频 (RF) 特征。 快速扫描 US 光束并同时检测这些 RF 调制、4D 高分辨率电流 这种方法克服了脑电图 (EEG) 的局限性。 由于电信号通过时模糊，空间分辨率差且不准确 与测量慢速“内在”信号的 fMRI 和 PET 不同，tABI 可以直接快速绘制地图 在毫米和毫秒尺度上定义的大脑体积内随时间变化的电流作为一种破坏性和可扩展性。 作为非侵入性人脑成像方式，tABI 具有以下优点：1) 高空间分辨率 由 US 焦点确定（例如 0.3 – 3 mm）；2) 局部场电位的实时体积成像和 3) 大脑深层结构神经电流的 4D 成像，无需假设 电导率分布；4) 神经电流 (tABI) 与大脑结构、运动（脉冲）的共同配准 echo US）和脑血流（多普勒）。我们的多学科团队由工程师、物理学家组成， 神经科学家、心理学家和成像师将克服检测弱相互作用的主要挑战 以安全的美国强度通过颅骨发出信号，以证明 tABI 是一种安全可靠的电模式。 在健康志愿者中进行 mm 和 ms 尺度的脑成像，我们建议 1) 优化、校准和 使用已建立的人体头部和体内猪模型验证 tABI；2) 开发并验证第一个 tABI； 人类受试者功能性脑成像平台；2a) 评估术前 tABI 以绘制患者图谱 患有难治性癫痫转诊进行手术；和 2b) 评估 tABI 以绘制躯体组织图 如果成功，该项目将为健康的志愿者提供安全、革命性的移动技术。 无创人脑成像，旨在改变我们对大脑功能的理解并提供帮助 诊断、分期、监测和治疗各种神经疾病（例如癫痫、帕金森病）、精神疾病（例如 抑郁症）和行为障碍（例如强迫症）。