Combined In-Situ / Ex-Situ Remediation of PFAS at Hazardous Waste Sites

危险废物场 PFAS 的原位/异位联合修复

• 批准号: 10019363
• 负责人: Raymond G. Ball
• 金额: $ 50.82万
• 依托单位: ENCHEM ENGINEERING, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10019363
• 关键词: Achievement; Adsorption; Aftercare; Air Movements; Amendment; Area; Biodegradation; Carbon; Chemicals; Complex; County; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Department of Defense; Dose; Environment; Event; Excision; Film; Fire - disasters; Flushing; Foundations; Fractionation; Geology; Hazardous Waste Sites; Health; High temperature of physical object; Hydrolysis; In Situ; Incineration; Location; Massachusetts; Military Personnel; Molecular Weight; Natural regeneration; Oxidants; Performance; Periodicity; Phase; Poly-fluoroalkyl substances; Process; Production; Pump; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Resistance; Site; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Soil; Source; Surface; System; Technology; Testing; Training; Water; Water Supply; Work; anthropogenesis; aqueous; base; combat; cost; cost effective; cost efficient; design; drinking water; field study; global health; ground water; health organization; innovation; oxidation; phase 2 study; photolysis; pollutant; remediation; scale up; sugar; superfund site

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil and groundwater are currently remediated by extracting the contaminated groundwater for ex-situ treatment via adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC) or other sorbents which only transfers contaminants to another media that still needs to be treated. This is a very long- term and expensive process because 1) it takes decades for the sorbed PFAS on soil to be extracted via groundwater pump and treat (P&T), and 2) the carbon must be changed frequently and 3) treatment (by high temperature regeneration or incineration) is costly. Recently, Higgins (Higgins, Chris, 2016 “Treatment and Mitigation Strategies for Poly and Perfluoroalkyl Substances”, Report #4322, Water Research Foundation, Denver, CO) showed that low molecular weight PFAS breakthrough GAC faster than other compounds. In addition, P&T technology may never achieve EPA Health Advisory concentrations in the aquifer. PFAS are fluorinated anthropogenic pollutants that the USEPA and global health organizations have identified as toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and highly recalcitrant, being resistant to hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation. PFAS were used in many products, including aqueous film-forming foams to combat chemical fires at military and civilian fire training areas where they are a common source of PFAS to the environment. They have been identified in surface waters and they persist in groundwater years after use, contaminating and threatening drinking water supplies. As of 2014, the U.S. Department of Defense alone has identified 664 fire/crash/training sites alone that potentially have PFAS contamination. Thus, there is a critical need for a more cost-effective and in-situ remediation approach for remediating PFAS contaminated sites that will only increase in the coming years. Our team will further develop and demonstrate an innovative combined in-situ/ex-situ technology to cost-effectively expedite treatment of PFAS at Superfund sites. The proposed proprietary treatment train combines 1) a non-toxic cyclic sugar (CS) to flush sorbed PFAS from the in-situ soil, 2) extraction of the CS- PFAS complex with groundwater and treatment in a high efficiency 99+% removal to 70 ppt (parts-per-trillion) ex-situ reactor that removes the PFAS from the extracted groundwater using a process to enhance foam formation that separates and concentrates the PFAS into a separate reactor where it is destroyed in the concentrate to 70 ppt total PFAS. The treated water with a low concentration of CS amendment is re-injected into the subsurface for continued aquifer flushing. In Phase I, it was shown that: 1) PFAS can be effectively flushed from highly PFAS contaminated soils with a relatively small flushing volume, and 2) the PFAS can be effectively separated from the extracted groundwater and destroyed in the concentrate. Bench scale tests will be used to evaluate those parameters needed to optimize site-specific PFAS desorption from soil, separation of the extracted CS-PFAS complex, and ultimate destruction of the PFAS concentrate in the ex-situ reactor. A site-specific field pilot test to demonstrate PFAS treatment by the process will be performed in Phase II. 1

目前，通过提取提取物质来修复土壤和地下水中的多氟烷基物质（PFA） 通过在颗粒状活化碳（GAC）或其他 只有将污染物传递给仍需要处理的另一种媒体的分类。这是很长的 术语和昂贵的过程是因为1）通过提取土壤上吸附的PFA需要数十年 地下水泵和治疗（P＆T），以及2）必须经常更换碳和3） 温度再生或感染）是昂贵的。最近，希金斯（Higgins，Chris，2016年“治疗和 多氟烷基物质的缓解策略”，报告＃4322，水研究基金会，丹佛，CO） 表明低分子量PFAS突破GAC的速度比其他化合物快。此外，p＆t 技术可能永远无法在含水层中达到EPA健康咨询的浓度。 PFA被氟化 USEPA和全球卫生组织已确定为有毒，持久， 生物蓄积和高度顽固的人，对水解，光解和生物降解具有抗性。 PFA 在许多产品中使用，包括水性膜泡沫，以应对军事和 他们是环境中普通PFA的常见来源的平民消防训练区。他们曾经 在地表水域中确定，使用后它们持续存在，污染和威胁 饮用水供应。截至2014年，仅美国国防部就确定了664次火灾/崩溃/培训 单独使用PFA污染的站点。那是迫切需要更具成本效益的 和原位修复方法，用于修复PFA的污染地点，仅在即将到来时会增加 年。我们的团队将进一步开发并展示创新的原地/现场技术，以便 在超级基金站点对PFA的成本效益加快治疗。拟议的专有治疗列车 结合1）一种无毒的循环糖（CS）以从原位土壤中冲洗pfas，2）提取CS- PFAS复合物具有地下水和治疗，高效99+％的去除率为70 ppt（每千万百万） 前坐标反应器，该反应堆使用一种工艺从提取的地下水中除去PFA，以增强泡沫 将PFA分开并集中在一个单独的反应堆中的形成，在其中破坏了它 浓度为70个PPT总PFA。重新注入了低浓度CS修正的处理水 进入持续含水层冲洗的地下。在第一阶段，显示：1）PFA可以有效地 从高度PFA污染的土壤中冲洗，潮红体积相对较小，2）PFA可以是 基准尺度测试将有效地与提取的地下水分开，并以浓度破坏。 用于评估优化与土壤中特定地点特异性PFA脱附所需的参数 提取的CS-PFA复合物，以及PFA的最终破坏，浓度在前坐标反应器中。一个 特定于位点特异性的现场试验测试将在II阶段进行通过该过程进行PFAS处理。 1