Combined In-Situ / Ex-Situ Remediation of PFAS at Hazardous Waste Sites

危险废物场 PFAS 的原位/异位联合修复

基本信息

批准号：
10019363
负责人：
Raymond G. Ball
金额：
$ 50.82万
依托单位：
ENCHEM ENGINEERING, INC.
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-01 至 2022-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10019363
关键词：
Achievement Adsorption Aftercare Air Movements Amendment Area Biodegradation Carbon Chemicals Complex County Data Analyses Data Collection Department of Defense Dose Environment Event Excision Film Fire - disasters Flushing Foundations Fractionation Geology Hazardous Waste Sites Health High temperature of physical object Hydrolysis In Situ Incineration Location Massachusetts Military Personnel Molecular Weight Natural regeneration Oxidants Performance Periodicity Phase Poly-fluoroalkyl substances Process Production Pump Recovery Reporting Research Resistance Site Small Business Innovation Research Grant Soil Source Surface System Technology Testing Training Water Water Supply Work anthropogenesis aqueous base combat cost cost effective cost efficient design drinking water field study global health ground water health organization innovation oxidation phase 2 study photolysis pollutant remediation scale up sugar superfund site

项目摘要

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil and groundwater are currently remediated by extracting the contaminated groundwater for ex-situ treatment via adsorption onto granular activated carbon (GAC) or other sorbents which only transfers contaminants to another media that still needs to be treated. This is a very long- term and expensive process because 1) it takes decades for the sorbed PFAS on soil to be extracted via groundwater pump and treat (P&T), and 2) the carbon must be changed frequently and 3) treatment (by high temperature regeneration or incineration) is costly. Recently, Higgins (Higgins, Chris, 2016 “Treatment and Mitigation Strategies for Poly and Perfluoroalkyl Substances”, Report #4322, Water Research Foundation, Denver, CO) showed that low molecular weight PFAS breakthrough GAC faster than other compounds. In addition, P&T technology may never achieve EPA Health Advisory concentrations in the aquifer. PFAS are fluorinated anthropogenic pollutants that the USEPA and global health organizations have identified as toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and highly recalcitrant, being resistant to hydrolysis, photolysis, and biodegradation. PFAS were used in many products, including aqueous film-forming foams to combat chemical fires at military and civilian fire training areas where they are a common source of PFAS to the environment. They have been identified in surface waters and they persist in groundwater years after use, contaminating and threatening drinking water supplies. As of 2014, the U.S. Department of Defense alone has identified 664 fire/crash/training sites alone that potentially have PFAS contamination. Thus, there is a critical need for a more cost-effective and in-situ remediation approach for remediating PFAS contaminated sites that will only increase in the coming years. Our team will further develop and demonstrate an innovative combined in-situ/ex-situ technology to cost-effectively expedite treatment of PFAS at Superfund sites. The proposed proprietary treatment train combines 1) a non-toxic cyclic sugar (CS) to flush sorbed PFAS from the in-situ soil, 2) extraction of the CS- PFAS complex with groundwater and treatment in a high efficiency 99+% removal to 70 ppt (parts-per-trillion) ex-situ reactor that removes the PFAS from the extracted groundwater using a process to enhance foam formation that separates and concentrates the PFAS into a separate reactor where it is destroyed in the concentrate to 70 ppt total PFAS. The treated water with a low concentration of CS amendment is re-injected into the subsurface for continued aquifer flushing. In Phase I, it was shown that: 1) PFAS can be effectively flushed from highly PFAS contaminated soils with a relatively small flushing volume, and 2) the PFAS can be effectively separated from the extracted groundwater and destroyed in the concentrate. Bench scale tests will be used to evaluate those parameters needed to optimize site-specific PFAS desorption from soil, separation of the extracted CS-PFAS complex, and ultimate destruction of the PFAS concentrate in the ex-situ reactor. A site-specific field pilot test to demonstrate PFAS treatment by the process will be performed in Phase II. 1

土壤和地下水中的多氟烷基物质和全氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 目前通过提取通过吸附到颗粒活性炭 (GAC) 或其他材料上，对受污染的地下水进行异位处理吸附剂仅将污染物转移到仍需要处理的另一种介质上。该过程周期长且成本昂贵，因为 1) 土壤上吸附的 PFAS 需要数十年才能通过地下水泵和处理 (P&T)，2) 碳必须经常更换，3) 处理（通过高最近，希金斯（Higgins，Chris，2016 年“处理和焚烧”）成本高昂。聚和全氟烷基物质的缓解策略”，报告#4322，水研究基金会，丹佛，科罗拉多州）结果表明，低分子量 PFAS 比其他化合物更快地突破 GAC。此外，P&T。技术可能永远无法达到含水层中 PFAS 氟化浓度。 USEPA 和全球卫生组织已确定为有毒、持久性、具有生物累积性和高度顽固性，耐水解、光解和生物降解。被用于许多产品，包括用于扑灭军事和军事领域化学火灾的水成膜泡沫。它们是环境中 PFAS 的常见来源。它们在地表水中被发现，并且在使用多年后仍然存在于地下水中，造成污染和威胁截至 2014 年，仅美国国防部就发现了 664 起火灾/事故/训练事件。因此，迫切需要一种更具成本效益的方法。以及用于修复 PFAS 污染场地的原位修复方法，这种方法在未来只会增加多年来，我们的团队将进一步开发和展示创新的原位/异位组合技术。拟议的专有治疗系列以经济有效的方式加快超级基金站点 PFAS 的治疗。结合了 1) 无毒环糖 (CS)，以冲洗原位土壤中吸附的 PFAS，2) 提取 CS- PFAS 与地下水复合并进行高效处理，去除率达到 99% 以上，达到 70 ppt（万亿分之一）使用增强泡沫的工艺从抽取的地下水中去除 PFAS 的异位反应器将 PFAS 分离并浓缩到一个单独的反应器中，并在其中被破坏将含有低浓度 CS 改良剂的处理水浓缩至 70 ppt 总 PFAS。进入地下进行持续的含水层冲洗在第一阶段，结果表明： 1) PFAS 可以有效地被冲洗。以相对较小的冲洗量从高度 PFAS 污染的土壤中冲洗出来，并且 2) PFAS 可以台架试验将有效地从提取的地下水中分离出来并在精矿中破坏。用于评估优化特定地点 PFAS 从土壤中解吸、分离所需的参数提取的 CS-PFAS 复合物，以及异位反应器 A 中 PFAS 浓缩物的最终破坏。第二阶段将进行特定地点的现场试点测试，以证明通过该工艺处理 PFAS。 1