Oxytocin Pathways and the Health Effects of Human-Animal Interaction

催产素途径和人与动物相互作用对健康的影响

• 批准号: 9789909
• 负责人: Evan MacLean
• 金额: $ 24.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-21 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9789909
• 关键词: 10 year old; Acute; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Affect; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Argipressin; Attention; Attenuated; Attitude; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Markers; Brain; Canis familiaris; Characteristics; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Child Health; Cognition; Companions; Coupled; Data; Disease; Emotional; Exhibits; Family; Foundations; Health; Human; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamic structure; Individual Differences; Intervention; Link; Measures; Methods; Methylation; Mission; Mood Disorders; Moods; Neuraxis; Neuropeptides; Neurosecretory Systems; Outcome; Oxytocin; Oxytocin Receptor; Parents; Participant; Pathway interactions; Peptides; Personality; Personality Disorders; Pharmacology; Physiological; Physiology; Pituitary Gland; Play; Process; Public Health; Receptor Gene; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Risk Factors; Role; Safety; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Social Behavior; Social support; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; System; Techniques; Treatment Efficacy; United States National Institutes of Health; Vasopressins; Vasotocin; Work; affiliative behavior; autism spectrum disorder; design; gaze; neural network; pet animal; physical conditioning; psychological outcomes; psychosocial; receptor expression; recruit; response; social; social engagement; stress reactivity

Oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are neuropeptides that play critical roles in social behavior, cognition, stress physiology, and physical health. Dysregulation of OT/AVP systems (alterations in peptide concentrations or the methylation of their receptor genes) has been implicated in adverse health outcomes including autism, schizophrenia, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. OT is released in adult humans and dogs during affiliative forms of human-animal interaction (HAI), and HAI attenuates AVP release in dogs. Thus, HAI may provide a safe and effective approach for stimulating endogenous OT release, and inhibiting endogenous AVP activity. However, it is unknown 1) whether HAI similarly stimulates OT release in children, 2) whether HAI affects AVP release in humans (adults or children), 3) whether characteristics of the dog-child relationship affect these responses, and 4) how methylation of the OT receptor gene (OXTR) affects children’s attachment to pets, or their physiological responses to HAI. The objective of this proposal is to identify how OT and AVP systems contribute and respond to HAI in children, and to elucidate the relationships between these mechanisms and the psychosocial processes of HAI. We will recruit a sample of typically developing 8-10 year old children who will engage in structured HAI sessions with a familiar companion dog or unfamiliar dog, compared to a nonsocial control condition. In Aim 1 we will measure short-term changes in OT, AVP, and cortisol, in children engaging in HAI compared to a control condition. We hypothesize that through activation of neural networks that promote attention to social stimuli and encoding of social reward, OT facilitates and responds to forms of social engagement that provide a sense of safety, social support, and emotional connectedness during HAI. We also hypothesize that HAI attenuates AVP release in children, and that increases in OT coupled with decreases in AVP act to reduce hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal activity. In Aim 2 we will measure short-term changes in OT, AVP and cortisol in dogs during interaction with children, and assess coordination between dogs’ and children’s physiological responses. We hypothesize that HAI will generate increases in OT, and decreases in AVP and cortisol, in both children and dogs. We hypothesize that physiological responses will be coordinated between partners, and associated with the extent of affiliative social behavior between the child and dog. In Aim 3 we will investigate relationships between child OXTR methylation (a biomarker for OXTR expression in the brain) and children’s attachment to pets and behavior during HAI. We hypothesize that OXTR methylation will be negatively associated with children’s attachment to pets, as well as the extent of their social engagement with dogs during HAI sessions. Ultimately, this work will elucidate relationships between HAI and OT/AVP pathways, advancing our understanding of the biological mechanisms through which HAI affects child health and development.

催产素（OT）和Argineine加压素（AVP）是在社会行为中起关键作用的神经肽， 认知，压力生理和身体健康。 其受体基因的浓度或甲基化已与不利的健康结果有关 包括自闭症，精神分裂症，情绪，焦虑和人格障碍。 狗在伴侣形式的人类相互作用（HAI）中，HAI会减弱AVP的释放。 HAI可以提供一种可刺激刺激内源性OT释放的安全方法 内源性AVP活性。 HAI是否影响人类（成人或儿童）中的AVP释放，3）是否特征 关系影响反应，4）OT受体基因（OXTR）的甲基化如何影响儿童 对宠物的依恋或他们对HAI的生理反应。 AVP系统对儿童的HAI做出了贡献和响应，并阐明了这些系统之间的关系。 HAI的机制和社会心理过程。 我们将招募一个通常开发的8-10岁儿童的样本，这些孩子将参与结构化HAI 与AIM 1中的非社会控制条件相比，与熟悉的伴侣狗或陌生的狗的会议 与对照相比 条件。 编码社会奖励，ot促进并回应社会参与形式，这些形式提供了一种感觉 安全性，社会支持和情感联系，我们还假设Hai atten avp 在儿童中释放，而在AVP ACT中随着AVP ACT的减少而增加了OT的释放，以减少下刺垂体 - AIM 2中的肾上腺活性 使用儿童，并评估狗和儿童的生理粒细胞反应之间的协调 在儿童和狗中，HAI将产生OT的增加，并减少AVP和皮质醇 假设的硫代确实反应将在伴侣之间协调，并与 在AIM 3中，我们将调查儿童之间的关系 Oxtr甲基化（用于大脑中OXTR表达的生物标志物）和儿童对宠物的附着 HAI期间的行为。 对宠物的依恋，以及他们与Doding Hai会议的社会参与程度。 这项工作将阐明HAI与OT/AVP途径之间的关系，促进我们对 通过HAICH HAI的生物学机制影响儿童健康和发育。