Unique physiological properties of novel ganglion cell types in primate retina

灵长类视网膜新型神经节细胞类型的独特生理特性

基本信息

批准号：
9789896
负责人：
EDUARDO CHICHILNISKY
金额：
$ 56.27万
依托单位：
STANFORD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-30 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9789896
关键词：
Amacrine Cells Anatomy Biological Blindness Brain Cell Density Cell physiology Cells Collaborations Collection Coupled Coupling Data Dendrites Diagnosis Disease Dyes Electrodes Environment Exhibits Eye Movements Functional disorder Generations Goals Health Human Image Individual Island Knowledge Light Cell Link Macaca Mammals Measurement Mediating Methods Modality Motion Mus Physiological Primates Property Research Resolution Retina Retinal Ganglion Cells Role Sensory Signal Transduction Stimulus Structure Synapses Techniques Technology Testing Time Vision Visual Work base cell type density design experimental study ganglion cell human model insight novel predicting response receptive field response visual information visual processing

Amacrine Cells Anatomy Biological Blindness Brain Cell Density Cell physiology Cells Collaborations Collection Coupled Coupling Data Dendrites Diagnosis Disease Dyes Electrodes Environment Exhibits Eye Movements Functional disorder Generations Goals Health Human Image Individual Island Knowledge Light Cell Link Macaca Mammals Measurement Mediating Methods Modality Motion Mus Physiological Primates Property Research Resolution Retina Retinal Ganglion Cells Role Sensory Signal Transduction Stimulus Structure Synapses Techniques Technology Testing Time Vision Visual Work base cell type density design experimental study ganglion cell human model insight novel predicting response receptive field response visual information visual processing

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项目摘要

The long-term objective of this research is to understand visual signaling by the primate retina, the most relevant model for human vision, and to exploit this knowledge in the treatment of blindness. The goal of the proposed work is to determine how diverse retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types in the retina signal visual information to the brain, and the mechanisms they use to extract this information from the visual environment. We have identified two RGC types, ON and OFF SM cells, that show high promise for understanding how cell type diversity contributes to visual signaling in primates. We have shown that these cell types exhibit unusual spatial properties and high stimulus selectivity, reminiscent of the unique visual computations carried out by RGCs in other species. Based on these findings, our specific aims are to 1) Determine the structure and anatomical substrate of the unique spatial computations performed by SM cells; 2) Determine the cellular and synaptic mechanisms that underlie this spatial signaling as well as the sparse firing of SM cells; and 3) Determine if the unique spatial structure and sparse firing in SM cells underlie specialized computations that may subserve specific visual functions. To approach these problems, we will collaboratively combine large-scale multi-electrode recordings with intracellular recordings and high resolution anatomical identification of SM cells in isolated macaque retina, a unique and powerful collection of methods ideally suited to the task. At the conclusion of this work we expect to understand the visual computations performed by SM cells and the mechanisms that mediate these computations.

这项研究的长期目的是了解灵长类动物视网膜的视觉信号传导，人类视力的最相关模型，并利用这些知识来处理失明。拟议工作的目的是确定视网膜神经节细胞多样性（RGC）视网膜信号视觉信息向大脑的类型，以及它们使用的机制从视觉环境中提取此信息。我们已经确定了两种RGC类型， OFF SM单元，这表明了了解细胞类型多样性如何贡献的很高的希望灵长类动物中的视觉信号传导。我们已经表明，这些细胞类型表现出异常的空间属性和高刺激选择性，让人联想到携带的独特视觉计算由RGC在其他物种中出现。根据这些发现，我们的具体目的是1）确定 SM执行的独特空间计算的结构和解剖基板细胞； 2）确定该空间信号传导构成的细胞和突触机制以及SM细胞的稀疏发射； 3）确定独特的空间结构和稀疏在SM单元中发射的构成专门计算的基础，这些计算可能会供应特定的视觉函数。为了解决这些问题，我们将合作结合大型多电极具有细胞内记录和高分辨率的SM细胞解剖学鉴定的记录在孤立的猕猴视网膜中，非常适合该方法的独特而有力的方法集合任务。在这项工作结束时，我们希望了解执行的视觉计算通过SM细胞和介导这些计算的机制。