Role of cell-type specific circuits in visual processing

细胞类型特定电路在视觉处理中的作用

• 批准号: 9195098
• 负责人: David C Lyon
• 金额: $ 37.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9195098
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Automobile Driving; Brain; Cell physiology; Complex; Felis catus; Genes; Goals; Halorhodopsins; Injectable; Injection of therapeutic agent; Lasers; Lateral; Lateral Geniculate Body; Link; Mammals; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Monkeys; Neurons; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Optics; Play; Rabies virus; Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV); Role; Series; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; Structure-Activity Relationship; Techniques; Testing; Transgenic Mice; Viral; Viral Vector; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Fields; area striata; cell type; excitatory neuron; experimental study; hippocampal pyramidal neuron; improved; in vivo; inhibitory neuron; innovation; novel; optical imaging; optogenetics; orientation selectivity; promoter; public health relevance; receptive field; response; retinotopic; selective expression; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; tool; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Specific cell types and their connectivity are a key determinant in neural function and selectivity. Primary visual cortex (V1) is one of the largest and most complex structures in the brain and several recent technological advances have enabled more detailed probing of cell type specific relationships to connectivity for a range of V1 cell functions, including orientation selectivity, aperture tuning, contrast response functions, an gain control. Nevertheless, technical limitations remain that have largely limited these studies to transgenic mice which lack more complex organization found in higher visual species like cat and monkey. We recently developed viral strategies for accessing specific cell types and specific circuits in non-transgenic species (Liu et al., 2013, Curr Biol) opening the door for unprecedented fine scale study of structure-function relationships in highly visual mammals. For this proposal we will apply these new strategies to enable optogenetic manipulation of specific cell types and circuits in cat V1, including superficial layer inhibitory neurons (Aim 1), long-ran lateral inputs to superficial inhibitory neurons (Aim 2), and layer 5 and 6 subcortical projection neurons that directly (or indirectly) interact with superficial layer neurons (Aim 3). Specific questions that we will address include whether and how orientation selectivity and surround suppression interact and are mediated by each of these circuits. These studies will represent the most direct in vivo assessment of inhibitory neurons and underlying intra- and inter-laminar circuitry of a large, highly visual mammal, advancing our understanding of how basic visual processes arise and depend on complex cortical structure.

描述（由申请人提供）：特定的细胞类型及其连接性是神经功能和选择性的关键决定因素。主要的视觉皮层（V1）是大脑中最大，最复杂的结构之一，最近的几个技术进步使得对细胞类型的特定关系更详细地探测了一系列V1的连通性 细胞功能，包括方向选择性，孔径调整，对比响应函数，增益控制。然而，仍然存在的技术限制在很大程度上将这些研究限制在 在猫和狗等较高视觉物种中缺乏更复杂组织的转基因小鼠。 我们最近开发了用于访问非转基因物种中特定细胞类型和特定电路的病毒策略（Liu等人，2013，Curr Biol），为高度视觉哺乳动物的结构 - 功能关系的前所未有的精细规模研究打开了大门。对于这项建议，我们将应用这些新策略来实现CAT V1中特定细胞类型和电路的光遗传操纵，包括浅层层抑制性神经元（AIM 1），长期向表面抑制性神经元（AIM 2）和5层和6层的皮层投射神经元（或直接相互作用）（或非无关）（与Neurons相互作用）（AIM Neurons（AIM Neurons））（AIM NEURONS（AIM NEURON）（AIM NEURONS（AIM NEURON））。我们将要解决的具体问题包括定向选择性和如何抑制是否相互作用，并由每个电路中的每一个介导。这些研究将代表对抑制性神经元的体内最直接评估，以及大型，高度视觉哺乳动物的层间和层间电路，促进了我们对基本视觉过程如何出现并取决于复杂的皮质结构的理解。