Alcohol-induced neurogenesis

酒精诱导的神经发生

• 批准号: 9322534
• 负责人: Hoonkyo Suh
• 金额: $ 35.66万
• 依托单位: CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-05 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9322534
• 关键词: Addictive Behavior; Affect; Affective; Alcohol abuse; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Animals; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Cells; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Dendritic Spines; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Electrophysiology (science); Emotions; Functional disorder; Genetic; Glutamates; Goals; Hippocampal Formation; Hippocampus (Brain); Impaired cognition; Impairment; Kinetics; Knowledge; Learning; Maps; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Mus; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurologic; Neurologic Deficit; Neuronal Differentiation; Neuronal Dysfunction; Neurons; Parahippocampal Gyrus; Pathologic; Pattern; Physiological; Play; Process; Production; Proliferating; Property; Psyche structure; Rabies virus; Resolution; Role; Specific qualifier value; Specificity; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission; System; Testing; Therapeutic; Virus; addiction; adult neurogenesis; alcohol behavior; alcohol effect; alcohol exposure; alcohol use disorder; base; cognitive function; conditioned fear; dentate gyrus; functional disability; granule cell; insight; mouse model; nerve stem cell; nervous system disorder; neural circuit; neurogenesis; newborn neuron; novel; novel therapeutics; problem drinker; public health relevance; synaptogenesis; therapeutic target; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to map neural circuits in order to understand how adult neurogenesis accounts for cognition and mental stability, as well as how dysfunctions of neural circuits of new neurons underlie neurological, affective, addictive, and psychiatric diseases. The persistent production and incorporation of new neurons into hippocampal circuits (neurogenesis) plays a key role in learning and memory, but almost nothing is understood about how adult neurogenesis can impact and contribute to normal and pathological brains. In this application, we propose to understand the role of new neurons in cognition and emotion at the circuitry level. To understand neural circuits formed by neurogenesis in normal and pathological brains, we will determine the precise connectivity of new neurons in normal and alcoholic brains. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most prevalent and devastating neurological and addictive disorders causing cognitive impairments. We hypothesize that chronic alcohol abuse negatively regulates proliferation and neuronal production of neural stem cells (NSCs), and that aberrant neural circuit formation of hippocampal newborn neurons may underlie cognitive and addictive behaviors of alcoholic mice. In order to understand how chronic alcohol abuse contributes to aberrant neural circuits of new neurons, we will apply a novel rabies virus-mediated retrograde transsynaptic system to determine altered brain inputs into newborn neurons. In Aim 1, we will test the hypothesis that chronic alcohol abuse disrupts proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs. In Aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that chronic alcohol interferes with synapse formation of input neurons and physiological maturation of new neurons. In Aim 3, we will determine aberrant neural circuits caused by hippocampal newborn neurons in order to test the hypothesis that chronic alcohol induces abnormal circuit formation of hippocampal newborn neurons. We will particularly investigate whether chronic alcohol disrupts and reinforces circuits for cognition and addiction, respectively. In Aim 4, we will test impaired cognitive behaviors of alcoholic mice in order to understand the consequence of abnormal neural circuit formation induced by chronic alcohol exposure. These studies will provide mechanistic insights into the role of new GCs and the abnormal circuits involved in alcohol-induced behavior deficits, which will likely suggest potential therapeutic targets for AUD. Furthermore, this knowledge has direct implications for the potential therapeutic modulation of neurogenesis in a variety of brain diseases.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是绘制神经回路，以了解成年神经发生如何说明认知和精神稳定性以及新神经元神经回路功能障碍是如何构成神经元，情感，成瘾性和精神病的基础的。将新神经元持续的产生和融合到海马电路（神经发生）中在学习和记忆中起着关键作用，但是几乎没有什么理解成人神经发生能够影响并有助于正常和病态的大脑。在此应用中，我们建议了解新神经元在电路级别的认知和情感中的作用。为了了解正常和病理大脑中神经发生形成的神经回路，我们将确定正常和酒精脑中新神经元的精确连通性。酒精使用障碍（AUD）是导致认知障碍的最普遍和毁灭性的神经系统和成瘾性疾病之一。我们假设慢性酒精滥用对神经干细胞（NSC）的增殖和神经元产生负面影响，并且海马新生儿神经元的异常神经回路形成可能是酒精小鼠的认知和成瘾性行为的基础。为了了解慢性酒精滥用如何促进新神经元的异常神经回路，我们将应用一种新型的狂犬病病毒介导的逆行透射性跨突触系统来确定对新生儿神经元的大脑输入的改变。在AIM 1中，我们将检验以下假设：慢性酒精滥用会破坏NSC的增殖和神经元分化。在AIM 2中，我们将检验以下假设：慢性酒精会干扰输入神经元的突触形成和新神经元的生理成熟。在AIM 3中，我们将确定由海马新生儿神经元引起的异常神经回路，以检验以下假设：慢性酒精会诱导海马新生儿神经元的异常回路形成。我们将特别研究慢性酒精是否会破坏并加强认知和 成瘾分别。在AIM 4中，我们将测试酒精小鼠的认知行为受损，以了解由慢性酒精暴露引起的异常神经回路形成的结果。这些研究将提供有关新GC的作用以及与酒精引起的行为缺陷有关的异常回路的机械见解，这可能会暗示AUD的潜在治疗靶标。此外，这种知识对各种脑部疾病中神经发生的潜在治疗调节具有直接影响。