Intra vs. extracortical command signals to restore six dimensional hand movements

皮质内与皮质外命令信号恢复六维手部运动

• 批准号: 7588793
• 负责人: Dawn Marie Taylor
• 金额: $ 33.75万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-04-01 至 2010-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7588793
• 关键词: Activities of Daily Living; Animal Model; Animals; Brain; Caregivers; Chin; Chronic; Computers; Devices; Eating; Electrodes; Environment; Face; Facial Muscles; Forearm; Freedom; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Human; Implant; Individual; Instruction; Learning; Location; Measures; Methods; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monkeys; Movement; Muscle; Neck; Neurons; Oral cavity; Paralysed; Performance; Peripheral Nerves; Persons; Pronation; Risk; Robot; Robotics; Self-Help Devices; Signal Transduction; Social Interaction; Speed; Spinal cord injury; Supination; System; Technology; Testing; Thinking; Time; To specify; Tongue; Touch sensation; Training; Translating; Upper Extremity; Upper arm; Voice; Wheelchairs; Wrist; base; design; grasp; implantable device; limb movement; millimeter; mind control; neuroprosthesis; practical application; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; sensor; time use; two-dimensional; virtual

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to restore arm and hand function to people paralyzed below the neck due to a spinal cord injury. New implanted neuroprosthetic devices can now restore arm and hand movements to paralyzed individuals by electrically activating the peripheral nerves. Wheelchair-mounted robotic arms can also provide reach and grasp capabilities to the severely paralyzed. However, one current limitation of these technologies is that the user must be able to convey to the device how they want their arm and hand to move. In people paralyzed below the neck, control options for any assistive device are limited to using retained function from the neck up. Many command options, such as voice commands, tongue-touch keypads, or chin- operated joysticks, can be awkward and can interfere with talking, eating, and normal social interaction. Accessing desired limb movements directly from the brain would allow these people to move their arm and hand just by thinking about doing so while also allowing them to retain normal use of their face and mouth. Two main types of implanted brain recording technologies are being developed and commercialized for chronic human use: 1) small intracortical microelectrodes that are implanted a few millimeters into the brain and can detect the firing activity of many individual neurons, and 2) larger extracortical electrodes that detect the average electrical activity of larger groups of neurons from locations outside the brain. Both types of recording technologies have shown promise as a means to generate movement commands for controlling assistive devices. Intracortical microelectrodes have been used in monkeys and humans to directly control two- and three-dimensional movements of computer cursors and robotic arms. Extracortical brain recordings have also been used in humans to control the two-dimensional movements of computer cursors and robots. The present study will use a monkey model in which each animal receives both types of brain recording technologies in configurations similar to those likely to be commercially available to paralyzed humans within the next five years. Methods will then be developed to translate signals from each type of brain recording technology into the specific movement instructions needed to use the current upper-limb neuroprosthesis systems (i.e. where to place the hand in space, how much to open/close the hand, pronation/supination angle of the forearm, and wrist flexion/extension angle). The speed, accuracy, and stability of the movement commands generated with each type of brain recording technology will be measured. By developing methods for using both brain recording technologies to generate the movement commands needed to control an upper limb neuroprosthesis, this study will move both brain recording technologies forward into practical applications while providing potential users with the performance information they need to weigh these benefits against the inherent risks and decide if either of these implanted brain recording systems is right for them. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Implanted devices are now available that can activate muscles of paralyzed individuals to restore arm and hand movements. The goal of this project is to enable these paralyzed individuals to control the movements of their own arm and hand just by thinking about doing so. This study develops methods for detecting a person's desired movement from the brain using two different types of sensors and then provides potential users with the information they need to decide which type of sensor is right for them.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是恢复由于脊髓损伤而瘫痪在颈部的人的手臂和手部功能。新植入的神经假体设备现在可以通过电气激活周围神经来恢复手臂和手动向瘫痪的个体。轮椅安装的机器人臂也可以为严重的瘫痪提供覆盖范围和掌握能力。但是，这些技术的当前局限性是用户必须能够将自己的手臂和手移动的方式传达给设备。在瘫痪在颈部下方的人中，任何辅助设备的控制选项都仅限于使用颈部的保留功能。许多命令选项，例如语音命令，舌头键盘或下巴操作的操纵杆，可能会很尴尬，并且可能会干扰说话，饮食和正常的社交互动。直接从大脑中访问所需的肢体运动将使这些人仅考虑这样做，同时还可以使他们保持正常使用的脸和嘴。正在开发和商业化两种主要类型的植入大脑记录技术，以供慢性人类使用：1）对大脑植入几毫米的小型皮质内微电极，并可以检测许多单个神经元的发射活性，而2）较大的心脏电极，以检测较大的神经元的平均神经元的平均神经元，以检测来自大脑外部较大位置的平均电气元素。两种类型的记录技术都将有望作为生成移动命令来控制辅助设备的手段。心脏内微电极已用于猴子和人类直接控制计算机光标和机器人臂的两维运动。人体还使用了外部大脑记录来控制计算机光标和机器人的二维运动。本研究将使用猴子模型，在该模型中，每种动物都在与可能在未来五年内瘫痪的人类可用于瘫痪的人类相似的配置中接受两种类型的脑记录技术。然后，将开发方法将每种类型的大脑记录技术的信号转换为使用当前LIMB神经假体系统所需的特定运动指令（即，将手放在太空中，在何处将手放在太空中，要打开/关闭手的手，前臂的前置/屈服角，以及腕部屈曲/扩展角度）。将测量每种类型的大脑记录技术生成的运动命令的速度，准确性和稳定性。通过开发用于使用两种大脑记录技术来产生控制上肢神经假体所需的运动命令的方法，这项研究将使这两种大脑记录技术都向前迈进到实用应用中，同时为潜在的用户提供他们需要权衡这些益处危险的潜在用户，并确定这些植入的大脑记录系统是否适合它们。公共卫生相关性：现在可以使用植入的设备，可以激活瘫痪者的肌肉以恢复手臂和手动运动。该项目的目的是使这些瘫痪的人能够通过考虑这样做来控制自己的手臂的运动并手。这项研究开发了使用两种不同类型的传感器从大脑中检测到一个人所需的运动的方法，然后为潜在用户提供他们确定哪种类型的传感器所需的信息。