Neurodevelopmental Mechanisms Underlying Stress Vulnerability during Adolescence

青春期压力脆弱性背后的神经发育机制

• 批准号: 10768363
• 负责人: Katie McLaughlin
• 金额: $ 12.63万
• 依托单位: HARVARD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10768363
• 关键词: Acceleration; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Age; Behavior; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Development; Emotional; Emotions; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Risk Factor; Etiology; Exposure to; Frequencies; Grain; Individual; Institutionalization; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Monitor; Negative Valence; Neighborhoods; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Onset of illness; Positive Valence; Process; Psychopathology; Research; Risk; Social Behavior; Social Processes; Specificity; Stress; Stressful Event; System; Text; Time; Variant; Work; Youth; cognitive control; cohort; design; experience; innovation; longitudinal design; neglect; neural; neural circuit; novel; peer; prospective; sleep behavior; smartphone based device; social; social media; wearable device

Exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) is involved in the etiology of most forms of psychopathology, and SLEs occurring early in development are particularly strong predictors of mental health problems. Most adolescent disorder onsets are temporally preceded by a major SLE. Yet, the mechanisms linking SLEs to the onset of adolescent psychopathology remain poorly understood. Prior research on mechanisms linking SLEs with youth mental disorders has focused largely on severe forms of adversity like abuse, neglect, and institutionalization. It is unknown whether similar mechanisms are involved in the link between less severe SLEs and psychopathology. Perhaps more critically, existing work has relied largely on cross-sectional between-subjects designs that compare children with exposure to some type of SLE to children without that experience. There is a dearth of longitudinal studies examining how SLEs influence emotion, cognition, behavior, and neural circuits within-individuals over time in ways that predict the emergence of psychopathology. The proposed research addresses this gap, using a novel methodological approach that permits examination of dynamic changes in emotion, cognition, social behavior, and neural function and connectivity following SLEs at a sufficiently fine grained level of temporal specificity to identify mechanisms underlying the link between SLEs and adolescent psychopathology as they unfold in real time. Specifically, the project will examine how monthly fluctuations in exposure to SLEs within-individuals predict subsequent changes in emotional processing in the Negative and Positive Valence Systems, Cognitive Control, Social Processes, and neural function and connectivity over a 12-month period. In addition to monthly assessments of SLEs, psychopathology, and potential mechanisms, passive monitoring of activity, sleep, and social behavior (e.g., interaction with peers through text and social media) through smartphones and wearable devices will allow additional mechanisms to be assessed passively and without subject burden. The study will investigate whether monthly variation in these emotional, cognitive, social, and neural processes predicts later increases in internalizing and externalizing problems in an accelerated cohort design with monthly assessments spanning age 11-18 years, producing 1,680 monthly observations over the study period. The longitudinal design and high-frequency assessments are innovative in allowing the identification of mechanisms that are altered by SLEs and prospectively predict psychopathology with high temporal specificity during a developmental period associated with increases in SLE exposure, stress vulnerability, and risk for psychopathology.

暴露于压力性生活事件 (SLE) 是大多数形式的病因的病因之一。 精神病理学和发育早期发生的 SLE 是特别强有力的预测因素 心理健康问题。大多数青少年疾病发作之前都会出现严重的症状 系统性红斑狼疮。然而，系统性红斑狼疮与青少年精神病理学发病之间的联系机制仍然存在 不太了解。先前关于系统性红斑狼疮与青少年精神障碍之间联系机制的研究已经 主要关注严重的逆境，如虐待、忽视和收容。这是 不知道不太严重的 SLE 和不严重的 SLE 之间的联系是否涉及类似的机制 精神病理学。也许更关键的是，现有的工作很大程度上依赖于横截面 受试者间设计将接触某种类型 SLE 的儿童与儿童进行比较 没有那种经历。缺乏研究 SLE 如何影响的纵向研究 随着时间的推移，个体内部的情绪、认知、行为和神经回路以预测的方式变化 精神病理学的出现。拟议的研究利用一种新颖的方法解决了这一差距 允许检查情绪、认知、 SLE 后的社会行为、神经功能和连接性以足够细的粒度 时间特异性水平，以确定 SLE 和 SLE 之间联系的潜在机制 青少年精神病理学实时展开。具体来说，该项目将审查 个体内 SLE 暴露的每月波动如何预测随后的变化 负价和正价系统中的情绪处理、认知控制、社交 12 个月期间的流程、神经功能和连接性。除了每月 SLE 的评估、精神病理学和潜在机制、被动监测 活动、睡眠和社交行为（例如，通过文本和社交媒体与同伴互动） 通过智能手机和可穿戴设备将允许评估其他机制 被动地、没有主体负担。该研究将调查是否每月变化 这些情感、认知、社交和神经过程预示着后来内化的增加 并通过每月评估将加速队列设计中的问题外部化 年龄 11-18 岁，在研究期间每月产生 1,680 次观察。纵向 设计和高频评估具有创新性，可以识别 系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）改变的机制可以前瞻性地预测精神病理学的高 发育期间的时间特异性与 SLE 暴露增加相关， 压力脆弱性和精神病理学风险。