Biological Bases of Alcoholism

酗酒的生物学基础

• 批准号: 7658329
• 负责人: TAMARA J. RICHARDS
• 金额: $ 42.27万
• 依托单位: OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-09-30 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7658329
• 关键词: Alcoholism; Biological; base

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Ph.D. and postdoctoral training program will create specialists who will be able to conduct preclinical research at all levels, from molecular to behavioral, focused on the biological mechanisms underlying initial sensitivity to alcohol, as well as the development, maintenance, and elimination of alcoholism. These trainees will also be thoroughly competent to teach in these areas. Twenty-four members of the OHSU graduate faculty will train postdoctoral research fellows and graduate students entering programs in Behavioral Neuroscience or Neuroscience. Training will include firm curricular grounding in the basic sciences, specific training in pharmacology of alcohol and other abused drugs, exposure to clinical and psychosocial aspects of human alcoholism, the practice and ethics of science, and extensive and continuous participation in basic research. The focus of our training opportunities is on biological processes involved in the etiology of problem drinking and alcoholism. Our general approach is interdisciplinary, emphasizing genetic, molecular, physiological, pharmacological, and psychological/behavioral processes. The research questions fall into five general areas: (1) genetic bases for alcohol responses, (2) learned and unlearned determinants of alcohol reward, (3) neurobiological bases for the rewarding and aversive effects of alcohol, (4) neuroadaptive mechanisms associated with ethanol dependence, tolerance, and sensitization, and (5) effects of alcohol on memory and cognition. Information about alcohol effects is contrasted with similar information about other drugs of abuse to identify common biological mechanisms. The general areas reflect the research interests and expertise of a participating faculty using behavioral, systems-level, and cellular/molecular methods. Their shared biobehavioral perspective is consistent with growing evidence indicating that many forms of human alcoholism are best understood in terms of an interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Areas of faculty collaboration in studies of alcohol and other drug effects include: studies of genetic determinants; neuroendocrine and neuroactive steroid participation; studies of dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic systems; studies of rewarding and aversive effects; studies of sensitization, tolerance, and dependence/withdrawal phenomena; studies of correlated traits such as impulsivity; and studies focused on neuroanatomical pathways.

描述（由申请人提供）：该博士学位。博士后培训计划将创建专家，他们将能够在各个层面进行临床前研究，从分子到行为，重点关注对酒精初始敏感性的生物学机制，以及对酒精的开发，维持和消除酒精中毒。这些受训者还将在这些领域有彻底的教学。 OHSU毕业生教师的24名成员将培训博士后研究员和研究生参加行为神经科学或神经科学课程的研究生。培训将包括基础科学的牢固课程基础，酒精药和其他滥用药物的具体培训，人类酒精中毒的临床和社会心理方面的暴露，科学的实践和伦理学以及广泛而持续的基础研究。我们的培训机会的重点是涉及饮酒和酒精中毒病因的生物学过程。我们的一般方法是跨学科，强调遗传，分子，生理，药理和心理/行为过程。研究问题属于五个一般领域：（1）酒精反应的遗传基础，（2）饮酒奖励的学习和未经学习的决定因素，（3）饮酒的奖励和厌恶作用的神经生物学基础，（4）神经适应性机制与乙醇依赖性，耐受性，敏感性以及（5）对记忆和CONTITION的影响。有关酒精效应的信息与有关其他滥用药物的类似信息形成鲜明对比，以识别常见的生物学机制。一般领域反映了使用行为，系统级别和细胞/分子方法的参与教师的研究兴趣和专业知识。他们共同的生物行为观点与越来越多的证据一致，表明许多形式的人类酒精中毒是根据遗传因素与环境因素之间的相互作用来理解的。在酒精研究和其他药物影响研究方面合作的领域包括：遗传决定因素的研究；神经内分泌和神经活性类固醇参与；多巴胺能，GABA能和谷氨酸能系统的研究；奖励和厌恶效果的研究；敏化，耐受性和依赖/戒断现象的研究；相关性状（例如冲动性）的研究；和研究集中于神经解剖途径。