Use of sentiment analysis in SMS and social media to understand HIV prevention needs among young women in Kenya

利用短信和社交媒体中的情绪分析来了解肯尼亚年轻女性的艾滋病毒预防需求

• 批准号: 10761910
• 负责人: Jessica Elizabeth Haberer
• 金额: $ 39.51万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-21 至 2025-07-20
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10761910
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; Affective; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; Age; Assessment tool; Awareness; Behavior; Bioethics Consultants; Clinic; Clinical; Computational Linguistics; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Science; Ensure; Epidemic; Ethical Issues; Ethics; Focus Groups; Funding; Future; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV risk; Health Services; Human; Human immunodeficiency virus test; Incidence; Individual; Instagram; Intervention; Interview; Kenya; Knowledge; Label; Language; Linguistics; Maps; Modeling; Monitor; Natural Language Processing; Needs Assessment; Oral; Outcome; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Persons; Pilot Projects; Population; Probability; Procedures; Process; Recording of previous events; Reproductive Health Services; Resources; Risk; Risk Assessment; Sexual Health; Sexual Partners; Site; Social Network; Surveys; Techniques; Test Result; Testing; Text; Text Messaging; Time; Twitter; Visit; Woman; Youth; clinical care; clinical research site; coronavirus disease; follow-up; implementation context; implementation strategy; implementation tool; insight; interest; novel; novel strategies; peer; pre-exposure prophylaxis; primary outcome; routine care; smartphone application; social media; substance use; tool; transmission process; young adult; young woman

Project Summary. The impact of effective HIV prevention tools depends on their use by people when they are at risk for HIV; however, many individuals are uncertain about their HIV prevention needs. Currently used risk scores and criteria (e.g., the VOICE HIV risk score for young women in sub-Saharan Africa) have been developed and validated in various populations, only to perform poorly when implemented more broadly. Novel approaches to assessment of HIV prevention needs are needed. Sentiment analysis involves natural language processing, text analysis, and computational linguistics to systematically identify, extract, quantify, and study affective states and subjective information. This technique has been successfully applied to understand various types of human behavior but has not previously been applied to HIV risk in Africa. This R21 application proposes to develop a sentiment analysis tool to assess HIV prevention needs based on SMS and/or social media messages among young women in Kenya. Importantly, participants in the recently completed Monitoring PrEP Among Young Adult women (MPYA) trial in Kenya found providing WhatsApp messages for sentiment analysis to be acceptable, and preliminary data are promising for identification of HIV risk. Because a smart phone app can process SMS and/or social media data for sentiment analysis in 10 minutes, this type of tool has great potential for use in routine care. Key next step questions include the type and amount of social media data needed for optimal correlation with HIV status and the best means to ethically and practically integrate this tool in routine clinics. We hypothesize sentiment analysis will provide novel insights into HIV prevention needs that may ultimately be shown to predict HIV incidence. We propose the following aims: 1. Explore ethical factors that may influence sentiment analysis of SMS and/or social media messages through individual qualitative interviews with 32 young women (16 who would and 16 who would not provide SMS/social media data) and a focus group discussion among five Kenyan bioethicists. 2. Conduct topic modeling and network analysis of SMS and/or social media messages (e.g., WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter) to predict HIV prevention needs among 400 young women (age 18-24) seeking HIV testing, PrEP, and other sexual and reproductive health services in Kisumu, Kenya. We will use automated structural topic modelling to determine “topics” (i.e., word clusters) and assess for association with other risk assessments (e.g., VOICE score) as the primary outcome and HIV test results as an exploratory outcome. Data collection and analysis will conform to Aim 1 findings. 3. Assess practical factors that may influence use of a sentiment analysis tool in routine care through a needs assessment with focus group discussions of 20 clinical staff and 10 young women from Aim 2. This study will yield an optimized sentiment analysis tool for assessing HIV prevention needs that is tailored for clinic implementation and ready for large-scale testing on HIV incidence in a future R01-funded trial.

项目摘要 有效的艾滋病毒预防工具的影响取决于人们在使用这些工具时的使用情况。 面临艾滋病毒风险；然而，许多人不确定他们目前使用的艾滋病毒预防需求。 评分和标准（例如，撒哈拉以南非洲年轻女性的 VOICE HIV 风险评分） 在不同人群中开发和验证，但在更广泛实施时表现不佳。 需要采用自然语言来评估艾滋病毒预防需求的方法。 处理、文本分析和计算语言学，以系统地识别、提取、量化和研究 该技术已成功应用于理解各种情感状态和主观信息。 人类行为类型，但之前尚未将此 R21 应用应用于非洲的艾滋病毒风险。 建议开发一种情绪分析工具，以基于短信和/或社交媒体评估艾滋病毒预防需求 重要的是，在最近完成的监测中，肯尼亚年轻女性的媒体信息。 肯尼亚年轻成年女性 PrEP (MPYA) 试验发现通过 WhatsApp 消息来煽动情绪 分析是可以接受的，初步数据对于识别艾滋病毒风险很有希望，因为这是明智的。 手机应用程序可以在 10 分钟内处理短信和/或社交媒体数据进行情绪分析，这种类型的工具 在日常护理中具有巨大的应用潜力，下一步的关键问题包括社交的类型和数量。 与艾滋病毒状况最佳关联所需的媒体数据以及道德和实践上的最佳方法 我们勇敢地将这个工具整合到日常诊所中，将为艾滋病毒提供新的见解。 我们提出以下目标： 1. 探索可能影响短信和/或社交媒体消息情绪分析的道德因素 通过对 32 名年轻女性（16 名愿意，16 名不愿意）进行个人定性访谈 提供短信/社交媒体数据）以及五位肯尼亚生物伦理学家之间的焦点小组讨论。 2. 对 SMS 和/或社交媒体消息（例如 WhatsApp、 Instagram、Twitter）预测 400 名寻求艾滋病毒治疗的年轻女性（18-24 岁）的艾滋病毒预防需求 我们将使用肯尼亚基苏木的检测、PrEP 以及其他性健康和生殖健康服务。 自动结构主题建模以确定“主题”（即词簇）并评估 与作为主要结果的其他风险评估（例如 VOICE 评分）和 HIV 检测的关联 结果作为探索性结果，数据收集和分析将符合目标 1 的发现。 3. 通过以下方式评估可能影响情绪分析工具在日常护理中使用的实际因素： 通过目标 2 中 20 名临床工作人员和 10 名年轻女性的焦点小组讨论进行需求评估。 这项研究将产生一个优化的情绪分析工具，用于评估艾滋病毒预防需求，该工具是为 临床实施并准备在未来 R01 资助的试验中大规模检测 HIV 发病率。