Biphasic Effects of Acute Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention for Sexual Violence

急性酒精中毒对性暴力旁观者干预的双相效应

• 批准号: 10684119
• 负责人: Ruschelle Marie Leone
• 金额: $ 18.53万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10684119
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcohols; Articulation; Attitude; Awareness; Behavior; Beverages; Blood alcohol level measurement; Decision Making; Disinhibition; Effectiveness; Experimental Designs; Female; Financial Hardship; Gender; Government; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Intoxication; Laboratories; Limb structure; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Neurocognitive; Participant; Phase; Pilot Projects; Public Health; Publishing; Randomized; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sedation procedure; Strategic Planning; Survivors; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Training Programs; Violence; Wait Time; Woman; Work; alcohol effect; alcohol involvement; alcohol myopia; assault; breath alcohol measurement; distraction; drinking; evidence base; experience; gender difference; high risk; innovation; men; perpetrators; physical conditioning; prevent; programs; recruit; sexual assault; sexual violence; skills; sobriety; social; theories; violence prevention; violence victimization; young adult

PROJECT ABSTRACT Sexual violence victimization is a serious public health problem resulting in significant mental and physical health consequences and a financial burden of $3.1 trillion over the course of survivors' lifetimes, of which the government is estimated to pay $1 trillion. Alcohol is involved in over half of sexual assaults; however, bystander training programs do not yet target bystander alcohol intoxication, likely due to the dearth of evidence on how alcohol intoxication impacts sexual violence intervention. Indeed, only two published studies have assessed the role of bystander alcohol intoxication on sexual violence intervention. Towards this end, the impetus for the proposed project is to address four critical gaps in the current scientific evidence base: (1) research on intoxicated bystanders is limited to high levels of intoxication (target blood alcohol concentration [BAC] = .10%) on the ascending limb of the BAC curve where both activating and sedating effects are prominent and decrease intervention; (2) gender differences have not been examined among intoxicated bystanders; (3) research has only assessed the effects of alcohol on direct bystander intervention methods despite a range of in-the-moment methods bystanders can employ; and (4) it is unclear how alcohol intoxication may interact with modifiable individual-level predictors (e.g., prosocial bystander attitudes) targeted in bystander training programs. Understanding among whom and when alcohol is most likely to impact barriers and intervention will allow bystander training programs to target the window of greatest risk for bystander inaction and integrate alcohol use content that minimizes the negative effects of alcohol that decrease sexual violence intervention. As such, the proposed laboratory-based study seeks to test the independent (Aim 1) and interactive (Aim 2) effects of alcohol, gender, and modifiable bystander attitudes on bystander barriers and sexual violence intervention. To address these aims, 192 social drinking young adults (ages 21-30) will present to the laboratory. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two beverage conditions (alcohol with target BAC of .08% or control beverage). They will then be assigned to one of two BAC limb conditions (ascending or descending limb). Upon reaching .055% BrAC (ascending limb condition), two consecutive descending BAC limb (descending limb condition), or a yoked wait time (sober condition for both ascending and descending limb), participants will project themselves into a heat-of-the moment risky sexual violence scenario depicting a high-risk, sexually violent situation. Using the articulated thoughts in simulated situations think-aloud paradigm, bystander barriers and intervention intentions will be assessed during the situation. Findings will make a critical, formative contribution toward the evidence base upon which existing programming efforts can draw from to enhance bystanders' skills in alcohol- related contexts by targeting the window of greatest risk for bystander inaction.

项目摘要 性暴力受害是一个严重的公共卫生问题，导致了重大的身心健康 在幸存者的一生中，健康后果和3.1万亿美元的经济负担，其中 政府估计要支付1万亿美元。酒精涉及超过一半的性侵犯；但是，旁观者 培训计划尚未针对旁观者醉酒中毒，这可能是由于缺乏证据表明 酒精中毒会影响性暴力干预。确实，只有两项已发表的研究评估了 旁观者醉酒对性暴力干预的作用。为此， 拟议的项目是解决当前科学证据基础中的四个关键差距：（1）关于陶醉的研究 旁观者仅限于高水平的中毒水平（目标血液酒精浓度[BAC] = .10％） BAC曲线的上升肢，其中激活和镇静效果显着并减少 干涉; （2）在醉酒的旁观者中尚未检查性别差异； （3）研究 仅评估酒精对直接旁观者干预方法的影响 方法旁观者可以使用； （4）目前尚不清楚酒精中毒如何与可修改相互作用 针对旁观者培训计划的个人级别预测因素（例如亲社会旁观者的态度）。 了解谁以及最有可能影响障碍和干预的人将允许 旁观者培训计划，以针对旁观者无所作为的风险最大的窗口并整合酒精 使用将降低性暴力干预措施的酒精的负面影响最小化的内容。因此， 拟议的基于实验室的研究旨在测试酒精的独立（AIM 1）和互动（AIM 2）的影响， 性别和可修改的旁观者对旁观者障碍和性暴力干预的态度。解决 这些目标，192名社会饮酒的年轻人（21-30岁）将向实验室提出。参与者会 随机分配给两种饮料条件之一（靶标为0.08％或对照饮料的酒精）。他们 然后将分配给两个BAC肢体条件之一（上升或降肢）。达到.055％ BRAC（上升的肢体条件），两个连续的降级BAC肢体（下降肢体条件）或一个 等待时间（升高和降落的肢体清醒状态），参与者将把自己投射到一个 瞬间有风险的性暴力情景，描绘了高风险，性暴力的情况。使用 在模拟情况下思考的思想思维范式，旁观者障碍和干预措施 意图将在情况下进行评估。调查结果将为对人做出关键的形成性贡献 现有的编程工作可以从中借鉴的证据以提高旁观者在酒精方面的技能 - 通过针对旁观者无所作为风险的最大风险窗口，相关上下文。