1/2 - Regional GEOhealth Hub Centered In Peru-Peru

1/2 - 以秘鲁为中心的区域 GEOhealth 中心-秘鲁

• 批准号: 10686597
• 负责人: William Checkley
• 金额: $ 0.37万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA CAYETANO HEREDIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-28 至 2027-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10686597
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Air Pollution; Alzheimer' s Disease; Applications Grants; Area; Asthma; Automobile Driving; COVID-19; COVID-19 mortality; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Case Fatality Rates; Cessation of life; Charge; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Cities; Clinic; Cognition; Cognitive deficits; Cohort Studies; Congestive; Country; Data; Databases; Death Rate; Disease; Emergency department visit; Environmental Risk Factor; Exposure to; Frontotemporal Dementia; General Population; Government; Guidelines; Health; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Incidence; Interdisciplinary Study; Interruption; Intervention; Latin America; Life Cycle Stages; Life Expectancy; Link; Long-Term Effects; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Neighborhoods; Nerve Degeneration; Neurology; Nitrogen Dioxide; Outcome; Paris, France; Peru; Peruvian; Pneumonia; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Premature Mortality; Publishing; Questionnaires; Recording of previous events; Regulation; Research; Research Training; Resolution; Respiratory Disease; Series; Source; Telephone Interviews; Time; Universities; Update; Vaccination; Work; ambient air pollution; atmospheric modeling; base; burden of illness; case control; cognitive function; cognitive interview; coronavirus disease; cost effective; design; effectiveness evaluation; fine particles; greenhouse gases; high risk; improved; low and middle-income countries; mortality; novel; remote sensing; residence; respiratory; response; severe COVID-19; sex; supplemental oxygen; traffic-related air pollution

In Latin America, about 172 million or 58% of the population, live in 366 cities comprising over 100,000 residents, all of which have ambient air pollution (AAP) levels above WHO recommended level of 10 μg/m3 annual average for PM2.5. Exposure to AAP, both short and long-term, is associated with higher morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and there is increasing evidence for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia as well. AAP in Lima, Peru’s largest city, averaged 25 μg/m3 in 2010-2016. The 2nd largest city, Arequipa, averaged 72 μg/m3 at a downtown monitor in 2018. Both cities are far above WHO guidelines of 10 μg/m3. As in many other LMICs, AAP monitoring in Peru is limited; most observations taken by the government are limited to Lima and to a few ground monitors. We propose to extend our prior (2010-2016) 1 k2 -resolution PM2,5 model for Lima through 2025, and also develop a new Lima model for NO2. With these data we will study the association of traffic and air pollution in Lima and evaluate possible different mitigation strategies in terms of reducing air pollution and related respiratory diseases. We will also study the association of AAP and COVID-19 (and all pneumonia) incidence, mortality, and case-fatality in Lima in the year before vaccination was introduced; Peru was hit hard by COVID-19, and has the highest COVID-19 mortality rate in the world. We will also assess whether severe COVID-19 is associated with cognitive deficits 2-4 years afterwards, comparing 100 cases with 100 controls. In addition, we will conduct the first study of Alzheimer disease (AD) and fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and air pollution in Lima, taking an advantage of an ongoing cohort study with over 500 cases and 500 controls, conducted by a leading Alzheimer’s disease center; in this study we will also assess whether Alzheimer’s disease cases, or fronto-temporal dementia cases were more likely to have had COVID than controls. We also plan to develop a national model for PM2.5 for Peru as a whole, with 5 k2 resolution, and a corresponding data base of hospital data and emergency room visits for all the major cities of the country. With these data we will estimate premature mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory disease due to PM2.5 in Peru. We may also be able to extend our study of Alzheimer’s disease to other urban centers outside of Lima. We will furthermore study possible mitigation strategies for PM2.5 nationwide, which will reduce both PM2.5 and greenhouse gases (produced from many of the same sources), and study their impact on Peru’s obligations to reduce greenhouse gases under the Paris accord.

在拉丁美洲，约有1.72亿或58％的人口居住在366个城市中，完成了100,000多名居民，所有这些居民的居民空气污染水平（AAP）高于建议的10μg/m3年平均水平为PM2.5。短期和长期接触AAP与心血管和呼吸系统疾病的发病率和死亡率更高有关，并且有越来越多的阿尔茨海默氏病和痴呆症的证据。秘鲁最大城市利马的AAP在2010 - 2016年平均为25μg/m3。 2018年，在市区监视器上的第二大城市Arequipa平均为72μg/m3。这两个城市都远高于WHO指南10μg/m3的指南。与许多其他LMIC一样，秘鲁的AAP监测受到限制。政府进行的大多数观察都仅限于利马和一些地面监视器。我们建议扩展我们的先验（2010-2016）1 K2分辨率PM2,5在2025年至2025年，还为NO2开发了新的Lima模型。通过这些数据，我们将研究利马的交通和空气污染的关联，并在减少空气污染和相关呼吸系统疾病方面评估可能的不同缓解策略。我们还将在引入疫苗的前一年中研究AAP和COVID-19（以及所有肺炎）事件，死亡率和案例型的关联；秘鲁受到了19日的Covid-19击中，并且是世界上19号的死亡率最高。我们还将评估2 - 4年后的认知与认知相关，比较100例具有100例对照的病例。此外，我们将在利马进行首次研究阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）和额叶痴呆症（FTD）和空气污染，利用了一项正在进行的队列研究，其中一项由阿尔茨海默氏病领先的疾病中心进行的500多例病例和500例对照。在这项研究中，我们还将评估阿尔茨海默氏病病例是否比对照组更有可能具有共证性。我们还计划为整个秘鲁开发PM2.5的全国模型，共有5 k2分辨率，并使用这些数据为所有专业的医院数据和急诊室就诊的相应数据库，我们将估计由于秘鲁的PM2.5而导致的心血管和呼吸道疾病的过早死亡。我们也许还可以将对阿尔茨海默氏病的研究扩展到利马以外的其他城市中心。我们还将研究全国PM2.5的可能缓解策略，这将减少PM2.5和温室气体（由许多相同来源生产），并研究其对秘鲁减少巴黎下温室气体的义务的影响。