How Olfactory Information is Transformed from Bulb to Cortex

嗅觉信息如何从灯泡转换到皮层

• 批准号: 10670079
• 负责人: Kevin Franks
• 金额: $ 36.34万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10670079
• 关键词: Anterior; Architecture; Area; Behavior; Brain; Cells; Code; Collection; Complex; Data; Diffuse; Elements; Esthesia; Goals; Hippocampus; Image; Individual; Learning; Link; Logic; Maps; Measures; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Mus; Nervous System; Neurons; Neurosciences; New York; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Output; Pattern; Perception; Play; Population; Process; Property; Recurrence; Research; Rodent; Role; Sampling; Sensory; Shapes; Site; Smell Perception; Spottings; Structure; System; Technical Expertise; Testing; Universities; awake; detection platform; experience; experimental study; high dimensionality; insight; mitral cell; neural; neural circuit; olfactory bulb; olfactory bulb glomeruli; olfactory nuclei; operation; optogenetics; piriform cortex; prevent; receptor; response; sensory cortex; statistics; theories; tool

Summary (Project 2: How olfactory information is transformed from bulb to cortex) Understanding how sensation is transformed into perception is a central challenge for neuroscience. Sensory information is detected by receptors that interact with the external world. This information is then routed, through multiple stages of processing, to cortical sensory areas, where perception first emerges. In this project we take advantage of the relatively “shallow” organization of the rodent olfactory system to determine how odor infor- mation is directly transformed from olfactory bulb to piriform cortex; essentially, examining the transformation of sensory representations of the olfactory input in the bulb to cortical representations of the olfactory percept within a single stage of processing. To do this, we will combine the technical expertise of the Franks Lab (Duke Uni- versity) at recording and analyzing activity of large populations of piriform neurons, with the expertise of Rinberg Lab (New York University) at patterned optogenetic activation of olfactory bulb glomeruli. Combining our efforts provides us the unique opportunity to directly activate defined areas of olfactory bulb (i.e. Input) while recording from populations of neurons in piriform cortex (i.e. Output). This provides a unique opportunity to directly and systematically determine how olfactory information is transformed from an elemental sensory representation in bulb into a holistic perceptual representation in cortex. We will then use a variety of molecular genetic tools to selectively disrupt specific components of this circuit, which will reveal the distinct cellular operations that each component plays in implementing this transformation. This project will therefore provide deep mechanistic insight into how the brain transforms olfactory sensory information into cortical odor percepts. Thus, we are confident that we will reveal the logic of the transformation of olfactory information from bulb to cortex However, the logic and implementation of the bulb-to-piriform transformation is also likely to be instantiated at multiple other sites throughout the brain, and often at sites that are deeply embedded within the brain, such as the hippocampus, where access to both the Input and Output are more challenging, and so operations performed at these deeper areas are more difficult to interpret. We are therefore optimistic that lessons learned while probing our olfactory circuit will generate generalizable principles that will also apply to multiple other, similarly organized systems.

摘要（项目2：嗅觉信息如何从球部转换到皮层） 了解感觉如何转化为知觉是神经科学的一个核心挑战。 信息由与外部世界相互作用的受体检测到，然后通过该信息进行路由。 处理的多个阶段，到皮层感觉区域，感知首先出现在这个项目中。 利用啮齿动物嗅觉系统相对“浅层”的组织来确定气味信息如何 本质上是从嗅球直接转化为梨状皮层，检查的转化； 球内嗅觉输入的感觉表征到球内嗅觉感知的皮质表征 为此，我们将结合 Franks 实验室（杜克大学）的技术专业知识。 大学）在 Rinberg 的专业知识下记录和分析大量梨状神经元的活动 实验室（纽约大学）致力于嗅球肾小球的图案光遗传学激活，结合我们的努力。 为我们提供了独特的机会，可以在录音时直接激活嗅球的指定区域（即输入） 来自梨状皮层的神经元群体（即输出），这提供了一个独特的机会直接和 明确确定嗅觉信息如何从基本感官表征转化为 然后我们将使用各种分子遗传工具来将其转化为皮质的整体感知表征。 有选择地破坏该电路的特定组件，这将揭示每个组件的不同细胞操作 因此，该项目将提供深入的机制洞察。 研究大脑如何将嗅觉感官信息转化为皮质气味感知，因此，我们有信心。 我们将揭示嗅觉信息从灯泡到皮层的转换逻辑 然而，这个逻辑 并且球茎到梨状转化的实施也可能在多个其他站点实例化 整个大脑，并且通常位于大脑深处的部位，例如海马体， 对输入和输出的访问更具挑战性，因此在这些更深层次上执行操作 因此，我们对在探索嗅觉时吸取的经验教训感到乐观。 电路将产生通用原则，这些原则也适用于多个其他类似组织的系统。