Lives of the infectious and the infected: benign and pathogenic symbiosis

感染者与感染者的生活：良性与致病性共生

• 批准号: 7186099
• 负责人: MARY Beth SAFFO
• 金额: $ 7.89万
• 依托单位: MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7186099
• 关键词: Animals; Bacillus (bacterium); Bacteria; Basic Science; Benign; Biological Phenomena; Biology; Books; Chicago; Clinical; Communicable Diseases; Data; Discipline; Disease; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Evolution; Fostering; Genomics; Goals; Hand; Health; Helminths; Housing; Human; Immune response; Infection; Institution; Intestines; Language; Learning; Leprosy; Life; Literature; Malaria; Mammals; Measures; Mechanics; Metabolic; Microbe; Molecular; Parasites; Parasitology; Pathologist; Physiological; Plants; Publications; Publishing; Range; Reader; Reading; Research; Research Personnel; Schistosomiasis; Seminal; Series; Specialist; Stereotyping; Stress; Symbiosis; Terminology; Text; Trypanosoma; Tuberculosis; Universities; Virus Diseases; Work; cost; foot; pathogen; physical separation; slow potential; transmission process

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The specific aim of this project is the completion of a book, "Lives of the Infectious and the Infected: the biology of mutualistic and parasitic endosymbiosis", for publication by the University of Chicago Press. Symbiosis - the intimate association, or "living together" between two or more species - is an important biological phenomenon. Including parasites and infectious disease within its purview, and with humans as hosts to an array of both benign and harmful microbes, it is also a phenomenon closely relevant to human health. Despite the volume of research on both harmful and benign infections of plants, animals, and humans, progress in the field has been slowed by the historic separation between the more clinically - oriented disciplines of epidemiology and parasitology and the generally-basic-research orientation of investigators of beneficial ("mutualistic") associations .This separation- physical as much as disciplinary, with researchers in these fields often housed in different departments and different kinds of institutions- has reinforced simplistic stereotypes about the costs of parasites and pathogens to hosts , on the one hand, and the benefits of mutualistic microbes, on the other. But there is much to be learned from the real complexities of symbiotic associations, especially about those aspects of symbiotic life that do not respect the traditional divisions between harmful and beneficial associations. Most importantly, in obscuring the commonalities between parasitic and mutualistic symbiosis, this division has slowed the potential for investigators of harmful (parasitic, pathogenic) symbioses and researchers of symbiotic mutualisms to learn from each other. In its planned 13 chapters that focus on creation of a consistent, inclusive terminology in the field; the mechanics of infection, host-to-host transmission, metabolic interactions between hosts and symbionts; and a series of evolutionary questions, the book aims not only to synthesize the disparate literature of these fastmoving fields, but, in doing so, to foster new perspectives , new questions, and a broader understanding of the mechanisms, evolution, and paradoxes of symbiotic life. Among the wide range of symbiotic associations to be discussed, symbiotic associations in humans will provide key examples, including: malaria, tuberculosis, schistosomiasis, parasitic helminths, and pathogenic and commensal (as well as possibly mutualistic) intestinal bacteria .

描述（由申请人提供）： 该项目的具体目标是完成一本书《感染者和感染者的生活：互利共生和寄生内共生的生物学》，由芝加哥大学出版社出版。共生——两个或多个物种之间的密切联系或“共同生活”——是一种重要的生物现象。它包括寄生虫和传染病，并且人类是一系列良性和有害微生物的宿主，它也是与人类健康密切相关的现象。尽管对植物、动物和人类的有害和良性感染进行了大量的研究，但由于流行病学和寄生虫学的临床导向学科与一般的基础研究方向之间的历史性分离，该领域的进展已经放缓。这种分离——物理上和学科上的分离，这些领域的研究人员通常分布在不同的部门和不同类型的机构——强化了关于成本的简单化刻板印象一方面是寄生虫和病原体对宿主的影响，另一方面是共生微生物的好处。但从共生关联的真正复杂性中，我们可以学到很多东西，特别是关于共生生活中那些不尊重有害关联和有益关联之间传统划分的方面。最重要的是，由于模糊了寄生共生和互利共生之间的共性，这种划分减缓了有害（寄生、致病）共生研究人员和共生共生研究人员相互学习的潜力。计划的 13 章重点关注在该领域创建一致、包容的术语；感染机制、宿主间传播、宿主与共生体之间的代谢相互作用；和一系列进化问题，本书的目的不仅是综合这些快速发展领域的不同文献，而且在此过程中培养新的观点、新的问题以及对共生机制、进化和悖论的更广泛的理解。生活。 在要讨论的广泛共生关联中，人类的共生关联将提供关键的例子，包括：疟疾、结核病、血吸虫病、寄生蠕虫以及致病和共生（以及可能共生）的肠道细菌。