Medial temporal lobe role in human locomotor navigation

内侧颞叶在人类运动导航中的作用

• 批准号: 7176120
• 负责人: JOHN W PHILBECK
• 金额: $ 16.39万
• 依托单位: GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-15 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7176120
• 关键词: Address; Animals; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Computer information processing; Control Groups; Craniocerebral Trauma; Data; Disease; Environment; Epilepsy; Excision; Exhibits; Foundations; Future; Human; Individual; Injury; Intractable Epilepsy; Lateral; Left; Lobectomy; Location; Medial; Memory; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Motion; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Process; Research; Research Personnel; Rodent; Role; Self Perception; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Structure; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Time; Time Perception; Tissues; Update; Visual; Walking; Work; base; behavior test; injured; programs; psychologic; relating to nervous system; research study; sensory integration; skills

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project investigates a key issue in human navigation. How does the medial temporal lobe (MTL) process information about space, time, and self-motion to keep us oriented while walking about? Extensive experimentation in rodents indicates that brain structures in the MTL play an important role in navigation, but currently there is a pressing need to validate the relevance of animal studies for understanding human navigation. In addition, there is very little data concerning the effects of brain injury on navigation ability, particularly within the nearby environment. The work in this project will bridge this gap by testing the navigational abilities of patients who have had part of the MTL removed as therapy for severe epilepsy. The project will answer the following questions: (1) Are deficits in navigation after MTL surgery due specifically to removal of MTL tissue, or instead to other factors related to the disease necessitating the surgery? (2) What specifically are the consequences of MTL injury for navigation? (3) How specialized are MTL structures for navigation? (Are only some types of navigation impaired but not others?) (4) Does the right hemisphere MTL play a more dominant role than the left for human navigation? The proposed experiments will provide a firm empirical foundation for understanding the effect of brain injuries and psychiatric disorders that impact the MTL. The work focuses specifically on navigation ability and will be particularly relevant for evaluating the homology of brain structures that subserve navigation in animals and humans. The studies are unique in that they will test a rare population of neurosurgical patients, using methods that focus on the perception of self-motion at an unprecedented level of detail. Furthermore, the methodology will allow an assessment of the possible non-specific effects on navigation of epilepsy and epilepsy medication. This basic data will be highly valuable for interpreting future research involving similar patients.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目研究人类导航中的一个关键问题。内侧颞叶 (MTL) 如何处理有关空间、时间和自我运动的信息，以使我们在行走时保持方向？在啮齿动物身上进行的广泛实验表明，MTL 中的大脑结构在导航中发挥着重要作用，但目前迫切需要验证动物研究对于理解人类导航的相关性。此外，关于脑损伤对导航能力影响的数据非常少，特别是在附近环境中。该项目的工作将通过测试因治疗严重癫痫而切除部分 MTL 的患者的导航能力来弥补这一差距。该项目将回答以下问题：（1）MTL 手术后的导航缺陷是否是由于 MTL 组织的切除所致，还是与需要手术的疾病相关的其他因素？ (2) MTL损伤对导航的具体后果是什么？ (3) 用于导航的 MTL 结构有多专业？ （是否只有某些类型的导航功能受到损害，而其他类型的导航功能则不受损害？）（4）对于人类导航而言，右半球 MTL 是否比左半球发挥更主导的作用？拟议的实验将为理解影响 MTL 的脑损伤和精神疾病的影响提供坚实的经验基础。这项工作特别关注导航能力，并且对于评估有助于动物和人类导航的大脑结构的同源性特别相关。这些研究的独特之处在于，他们将测试罕见的神经外科患者群体，使用的方法侧重于以前所未有的细节水平关注自我运动的感知。此外，该方法将允许评估对癫痫导航和癫痫药物可能的非特异性影响。这些基本数据对于解释涉及类似患者的未来研究非常有价值。