Adaptations to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Pre-Pandemic Continuity and Changes in Emotional Well-Being

对 COVID-19 大流行的适应：大流行前的连续性和情绪健康的变化

• 批准号: 10653355
• 负责人: Monica A. Longmore
• 金额: $ 42.6万
• 依托单位: BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10653355
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Advocate; Affect; Age; Alcohol consumption; American; Anxiety; Behavioral; Black race; COVID-19 pandemic; Child Health; Child Rearing; Color; Communities; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Demographic Factors; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Disparity population; Distress; Economics; Education; Elderly; Emotional; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Event; Face; Future; Gender; Health; Height; Heterogeneity; Hospitalization; Individual; Inequality; Inequity; Institutional Racism; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Location; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Occupations; Outcome; Parenthood Status; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Phase; Police officer; Policy Maker; Population Study; Prevalence; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Race; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Shapes; Social Change; Social Distance; Stress; Students; Surveys; Teenagers; Telephone; Time; United States; Variant; Well in self; Woman; Work; adverse outcome; cohort; decrease resilience; design; ethnic diversity; expectation; experience; health disparity; improved; innovation; insight; longitudinal design; member; men; mortality; multidisciplinary; negative affect; pandemic disease; pandemic impact; population based; post-pandemic; pre-pandemic; prospective; racial diversity; racism; resilience; response; social group; social structure; stressor

ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic-related stressors have altered Americans’ daily lives, but variation in the effects on emotional well-being cannot be determined from existing studies because most studies either have used cross- sectional designs or are based on longitudinal designs that are limited to short duration follow-ups post-height of the pandemic. Pandemic-related external stressors, such as economic hardships, job demands, social distancing, and health concerns can threaten well-being, but prospective pre-pandemic measures are critical to establishing heterogeneity in trajectories of emotional well-being. This study will longitudinally assess heterogeneity in trajectories of emotional well-being among adults in the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) - a prospective population-based study that interviewed racially/ethnically diverse adults from adolescence into adulthood over a twenty-year span. The data include six pre-pandemic interviews, one pandemic interview, and are currently in the field for a post-height of the pandemic interview (Summer 2022). Using the life course perspective and the stress process model to frame expectations, we will assess the extent to which pandemic-related stressors and prospective pre-pandemic strengths and vulnerabilities shaped emotional well-being during the pandemic and may carry over to affect emotional well-being post-pandemic. Findings will be significant by addressing how pandemic-related stressors have affected individuals’ emotional well-being and will provide insights regarding which individuals in which contexts are most at risk for poorer well- being and adverse outcomes. Understanding variation in responses to the pandemic has implications for developing potential mental health interventions for this and future public health crises. The working hypothesis is that pandemic-related stressors negatively affect emotional well-being; yet there is heterogeneity in responses to these challenges, and some adults will demonstrate resilience. Some potential trajectory groups may include (aim 1): no changes in emotional well-being over time (stable), low effects over time (stable), moderate effects increasing during the pandemic (unstable), and high effects over time (stable). Prospective data, spanning two decades, are innovative and necessary for establishing distinct groups and estimating who face greater risk of being in a higher distress group. Using fixed-effects and trajectory modeling, we will assess how effects differ by demographic factors (e.g., gender, parenthood status) and pandemic-stressors (aim 2). We will conduct in-depth phone interviews with racially/ethnically diverse adults whom we previously interviewed during the pandemic; the rationale is to identify subjective understandings of factors associated with declines and resilience in well- being (aim 2). The extent to which individuals adapt depends on the degree to which they face severe pandemic- related stressors, but also the broader context of their lives and prior strengths and vulnerabilities. The BGSU research environment will be enhanced by enriching the experiences of students in all phases of this project. The project provides a unique and timed opportunity to examine how the pandemic has reshaped lives.

抽象的 199与大流行有关的压力源改变了美国人的日常生活，但对影响的影响差异 情绪健康无法从现有研究中确定，因为大多数研究都使用了交叉 分段设计或基于纵向设计，这些设计仅限于短期后续行列。 大流行。与大流行有关的外部压力源，例如经济困难，工作需求，社会 疏远和健康问题可能威胁到幸福感，但是前瞻性的大群体措施对 在情感幸福轨迹中建立异质性。这项研究将纵向评估 托莱多青少年关系研究中成年人情感健康轨迹的异质性 （TARS） - 一项基于人群的前瞻性研究，访着了种族/种族多元化的成年人 青少年在二十年中成年。数据包括六次流行前访谈，一项 大流行访谈，目前正在现场进行大流行访谈后（2022年夏季）。 使用生活课程的观点和压力过程模型来构想期望，我们将评估范围 大流行有关的压力源和前瞻性的大流行优势和脆弱性 大流行期间的情感幸福感，可能会影响流行后的情绪健康。 通过解决大流行有关的压力源如何影响个人的情感，发现将是重要的 幸福感，并将提供有关哪些人在哪些人面临较贫困风险的个人的见解 存在和不利结果。了解大流行的反应变化对 为此和未来的公共卫生危机开发潜在的心理健康干预措施。工作假设 是大流行有关的压力源对情绪健康产生负面影响；然而回答有异质性 面对这些挑战，一些成年人将表现出韧性。一些潜在的轨迹组可能包括 （AIM 1）：随着时间的流逝（稳定），随着时间的推移（稳定），中等效果，情绪健康没有变化 随着时间的流逝，大流行期（不稳定）和高影响（稳定）的增加。前瞻性数据，跨越两个 几十年来，对于建立不同的群体和估算谁面临更大的风险是创新的，并且是必不可少的 处于更高的遇险组。使用固定效应和轨迹建模，我们将评估效果如何不同 人口统计学因素（例如性别，父母身份）和大流行压力（AIM 2）。我们将深入进行 我们以前在大流行期间接受采访的临时/种族多样化的成年人的电话采访； 理由是确定对与下降和恢复能力相关的因素的理解 存在（目标2）。个体适应的程度取决于他们面临严重大流行的程度 相关的压力源，以及他们生活的更广泛背景以及先前的优势和脆弱性。 BGSU 通过在该项目的各个阶段丰富学生的经验，可以增强研究环境。 该项目提供了一个独特而定时的机会，以研究大流行如何重塑生活。