Household Income and Child Development in the First Three Years of Life

家庭收入和儿童生命前三年的发展

基本信息

批准号：
10474825
负责人：
Greg John Duncan
金额：
$ 15.79万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-09-15 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10474825
关键词：
Adult Affect Age Area Behavioral Books Brain Brain region Child Child Care Child Development Child Rearing Cognition Cognitive Communities Conflict (Psychology)Control Groups Development Economics Education Electroencephalogram Electroencephalography Emotional Event-Related Potentials Expenditure Family Family Process Fatigue Funding Health Home Hour Household Housing Income Infant Infant Development Informal Social Control Intervention Investments Knowledge Language Learning Life Light Low income Measures Medical Memory Mental Health Mothers Nature Neighborhoods Neurosciences Outcome Parent-Child Relations Parents Pathway interactions Personal Satisfaction Physiological Play Policies Poverty Psychologist Randomized Randomized Controlled Trials Research Resources Rest Role Services Shapes Source Stress Structure Taxes Time Toddler Visit Vocabulary Work base biological adaptation to stress brain circuitry cognitive development cognitive function design early experience economic behavior emotional functioning environmental enrichment for laboratory animals executive function experience experimental group experimental study food insecurity improved learned behavior lower income families neurodevelopment payment poverty reduction programs psychological distress relating to nervous system response skills social theories time use treatment group trial design

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Recent advances in developmental neuroscience suggest that experiences early in life have profound and enduring influences on the developing brain. Family economic resources shape the nature of many of these experiences, yet the extent to which they affect children's development is unknown. Our team of neuroscientists, economists and developmental psychologists proposes to fill important gaps in scientific knowledge about the role of economic resources in early development by evaluating the first randomized controlled trial to determine whether unconditional cash payments have a causal effect on the cognitive, socio- emotional and brain development of infants and toddlers in low-income U.S. families. Specifically, 1,000 mothers of infants with incomes below the federal poverty line from four diverse U.S. communities will receive monthly cash payments by debit card for the first 40 months of the child's life. Parents in the experimental group will receive $333 per month ($4,000 per year), whereas parents in the control group will receive a nominal monthly payment of $20. In order to understand the impacts of the added income on children's cognitive and behavioral development, we will assess treatment/control group differences at age 3 (and, for a subset of measures, age 2) on measures of cognitive, language, memory, self-regulation and socio-emotional development. Brain circuitry may be sensitive to the effects of early experience even before early behavioral differences can be detected. In order to understand the impacts of added income on children's brain functioning at age 3, we will assess, during a lab visit, treatment/control group differences in measures of brain activity (electroencephalogram [EEG] and event-related potentials [ERP]). To understand how family economic behavior, parenting, and parent stress and well-being change in response to income enhancement, we will assess treatment/control differences in family expenditures, food insecurity, housing and neighborhood quality; family routines and time use; parent stress, mental health and cognition; parenting practices; and child care arrangements at child age 2 and, for a subset of these measures, child age 1. An administrative supplement to the parent R01 will enable a qualitative examination of how the cash income affects families' lives. Because the meaning mothers attach to the income is important to how they will use it and the impacts it will have on families, we will conduct four waves of qualitative interviews with a subset of mothers in two sites over the course of the study to ask about their views and experiences of the transfer. This study will thus provide the first definitive understanding of the extent to which income plays a causal role in determining early child cognitive, socio-emotional and brain development among low-income families.

项目概要发育神经科学的最新进展表明，生命早期的经历具有深远的意义。对发育中的大脑产生持久的影响。家庭经济资源决定了其中许多因素的性质经验，但它们对儿童发展的影响程度尚不清楚。我们的团队神经科学家、经济学家和发展心理学家提议填补科学领域的重要空白通过评估第一个随机样本，了解经济资源在早期发展中的作用对照试验以确定无条件现金支付是否对认知、社会- 美国低收入家庭婴儿和幼儿的情绪和大脑发育。具体来说，1,000 来自美国四个不同社区的收入低于联邦贫困线的婴儿的母亲将获得孩子出生后前 40 个月每月通过借记卡支付现金。实验中的家长对照组的家长每月将收到 333 美元（每年 4,000 美元），而对照组的家长将收到名义每月付款 20 美元。为了了解增加收入对孩子的影响认知和行为发展，我们将在 3 岁时评估治疗组/对照组的差异（并且对于测量子集，年龄 2) 关于认知、语言、记忆、自我调节和社会情感的测量发展。大脑回路可能对早期经历的影响敏感，甚至在早期行为之前可以检测到差异。为了了解增加收入对儿童大脑的影响在 3 岁时，我们将在实验室访问期间评估治疗组/对照组在大脑测量方面的差异活动（脑电图 [EEG] 和事件相关电位 [ERP]）。要了解家人如何经济行为、养育子女以及父母压力和福祉因收入增加而变化，我们将评估家庭支出、粮食不安全、住房和邻里方面的治疗/控制差异质量;家庭惯例和时间利用；父母压力、心理健康和认知；养育子女的做法；和孩子 2 岁儿童的照顾安排，以及这些措施的一部分，1 岁儿童的照顾安排。行政补充向母公司 R01 提供现金收入如何影响家庭生活的定性检查。因为母亲对收入的重视对于她们如何使用收入以及收入的影响非常重要家庭，我们将在两个地点对一部分母亲进行四波定性访谈学习过程中询问他们对转学的看法和经历。因此，本研究将提供首次明确了解收入在决定儿童早育方面所起的因果作用的程度低收入家庭的认知、社会情感和大脑发育。