Household Income and Child Development in the First Three Years of Life

家庭收入和儿童生命前三年的发展

• 批准号: 9897108
• 负责人: Greg John Duncan
• 金额: $ 13.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-04-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9897108
• 关键词: Administrative Supplement; Affect; Age; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Budgets; Caring; Child; Child Care; Child Development; Child Rearing; Cognition; Cognitive; Communities; Control Groups; Data; Data Collection; Development; Economics; Electroencephalogram; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Environment; Event-Related Potentials; Expenditure; Extended Family; Face; Family; Family Relationship; Funding; Gifts; Household; Housing; Income; Infant; Infant Development; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Interview; Investments; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Life; Light; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nature; Neighborhoods; Neurosciences; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Policies; Poverty; Process; Psychologist; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Resources; Role; Shapes; Site; Source; Standardization; Stress; Surveys; Testing; Toddler; United States National Institutes of Health; Visit; base; brain circuitry; coping; design; early experience; economic behavior; experience; experimental analysis; experimental group; experimental study; food insecurity; improved; lower income families; payment; programs; response; theories; time use; treatment group; trial design

PROJECT SUMMARY Recent advances in developmental neuroscience suggest that experiences early in life have profound and enduring influences on the developing brain. Family economic resources shape the nature of many of these experiences, yet the extent to which they affect children's development is unknown. Our team of neuroscientists, economists and developmental psychologists proposes to fill important gaps in scientific knowledge about the role of economic resources in early development by evaluating the first randomized controlled trial to determine whether unconditional cash payments have a causal effect on the cognitive, socio- emotional and brain development of infants and toddlers in low-income U.S. families. Specifically, 1,000 mothers of infants with incomes below the federal poverty line from four diverse U.S. communities will receive monthly cash payments by debit card for the first 40 months of the child's life. Parents in the experimental group will receive $333 per month ($4,000 per year), whereas parents in the control group will receive a nominal monthly payment of $20. In order to understand the impacts of the added income on children's cognitive and behavioral development, we will assess treatment/control group differences at age 3 (and, for a subset of measures, age 2) on measures of cognitive, language, memory, self-regulation and socio-emotional development. Brain circuitry may be sensitive to the effects of early experience even before early behavioral differences can be detected. In order to understand the impacts of added income on children's brain functioning at age 3, we will assess, during a lab visit, treatment/control group differences in measures of brain activity (electroencephalogram [EEG] and event-related potentials [ERP]). To understand how family economic behavior, parenting, and parent stress and well-being change in response to income enhancement, we will assess treatment/control differences in family expenditures, food insecurity, housing and neighborhood quality; family routines and time use; parent stress, mental health and cognition; parenting practices; and child care arrangements at child age 2 and, for a subset of these measures, child age 1. An administrative supplement to the parent R01 will enable a qualitative examination of how the cash income affects families' lives. Because the meaning mothers attach to the income is important to how they will use it and the impacts it will have on families, we will conduct four waves of qualitative interviews with a subset of mothers in two sites over the course of the study to ask about their views and experiences of the transfer. This study will thus provide the first definitive understanding of the extent to which income plays a causal role in determining early child cognitive, socio-emotional and brain development among low-income families.

项目摘要 发育神经科学的最新进展表明，生命早期的经历具有深刻的经验，并且 对发展中的大脑的持久影响。家庭经济资源塑造了其中许多的本质 经验，但是他们影响儿童成长的程度尚不清楚。我们的团队 神经科学家，经济学家和发展心理学家建议填补科学的重要空白 通过评估第一个随机分析的知识，了解经济资源在早期发展中的作用 对照试验确定无条件现金支付是否对认知，社会 - 美国低收入家庭中婴儿和幼儿的情绪和大脑的发展。特别是1,000 收入低于联邦贫困线以下的婴儿的母亲将获得四个不同社区的联邦贫困线 在孩子一生的前40个月中，每月通过借记卡付款。父母在实验中 小组每月将获得333美元（每年4,000美元），而对照组的父母将获得 名义每月付款20美元。为了了解增加收入对儿童的影响 认知和行为发展，我们将评估3岁时的治疗/对照组差异（对于A 措施的子集，年龄2）关于认知，语言，记忆，自我调节和社会情感的度量 发展。脑电路甚至可能在早期行为之前对早期体验的影响敏感 可以检测到差异。为了了解增加收入对儿童大脑的影响 在3岁时运作，我们将在实验室访问期间评估治疗/对照组的大脑差异 活性（脑电图[EEG]和事件相关电位[ERP]）。了解家庭如何 经济行为，育儿和父母的压力和福祉变化，以响应增强收入， 我们将评估家庭支出，粮食不安全，住房和邻里的治疗/控制差异 质量;家庭常规和时间使用；父母压力，心理健康和认知；育儿实践；和孩子 2岁儿童的护理安排，以及这些措施的子集，儿童1岁。 对家长R01将对现金收入如何影响家庭生活进行定性检查。因为 母亲对收入的含义对他们的使用方式以及它将对其产生的影响很重要 一家人，我们将对两个地点的母亲一部分进行四波定性访谈 研究的过程询问他们的转移观点和经验。因此，这项研究将提供 对收入在确定早期儿童中起因果作用的程度的首次确定理解 低收入家庭的认知，社会情感和大脑发展。