Signals to Feed: Biological and Associative Mechanisms

进食信号：生物和联想机制

• 批准号: 9514145
• 负责人: TERRY L DAVIDSON
• 金额: $ 32.39万
• 依托单位: AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9514145
• 关键词: Address; Adverse effects; Agonist; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Beverages; Biological; Body Weight; Body Weight decreased; Brain; Cognitive; Comorbidity; Consummatory Behavior; Consumption; Cues; Desire for food; Diet; Eating; Eating Behavior; Energy Intake; Environment; Equilibrium; Exhibits; Exposure to; Face; Failure; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Female; Food; Food deprivation (experimental); Foundations; Future; Health; Heart Diseases; Hippocampus (Brain); Hyperphagia; Hypersensitivity; Incidence; Intake; Intervention; Intuition; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Learning; Marketing; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Morbid Obesity; Nature; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Obesity; Palate; Phenotype; Physiological; Physiology; Process; Quality of life; Rattus; Regulation; Research; Resistance; Satiation; Sex Characteristics; Sex Functioning; Signal Transduction; Societies; Stimulus; Stroke; Structure; Suggestion; Techniques; Thinness; Weight Gain; Woman; Wood material; Work; base; behavior influence; deprivation; energy balance; feeding; glucagon-like peptide 1; internal control; ketogenic diet; male; memory process; men; obesogenic; operation; pandemic disease; prevent; relating to nervous system; response; saturated fat; sex; sugar; trend; western diet

A longstanding idea is that the regulation of energy intake and body weight depends on the integrative control by external food-related cues in the environment and physiological signals arising from the internal milieu. In fact, according to several accounts the ability of such environmental food cues to evoke appetitive and consummatory responding is held in check by interoceptive satiety signals that inhibit those behaviors. Within this framework, energy dysregulation leading to obesity can be seen as a failure of interoceptive satiety cues to adequately counter response evocation by food cues in the environment. This type of failure would presumably be an important contributor to what has been termed the “obesogenic” environment. The purpose of research proposed in this application is to elucidate the factors that contribute, to and the mechanisms that underlie, the weakening of internal stimulus control of appetitive behavior relative to control by external food-related stimuli. Based on recent research from our laboratory and elsewhere, we propose that both the ability of environmental cues to evoke eating and the ability of physiological cues to inhibit intake are dependent on learning and memory. However, both types of cues involve different types of learning and memory processes that rely on distinct brain structures and circuits are involved with the evocation, compared to the inhibition, of appetitive and consummatory behavior. The research we plan to do will evaluate a specific, mechanistic, and testable account that explains how consuming a diet high in saturated fat and sugar (a.k.a. “Western diet” (WD)) can disturb the function and physiology of the hippocampus (a brain structure long-identified with learning and memory). These disturbances reduce the ability of internal satiety signals to inhibit eating behavior evoked by signals in the environment related to food. Research planned in this application will advance knowledge about the operation of this mechanism, along with its neural substrates, in both male and female rats and will investigate the implications of this model for interventions that could both prevent excess intake and body weight gain and restore normal regulatory function following consumption of WD.

一个长期的想法是，调节能量摄入和体重取决于综合控制 通过环境中与外部食物相关的线索和由内部环境产生的物理信号。在 事实，根据几个说明，这种环境食品提示唤起开胃菜的能力和 通过抑制这些行为的互感信号来检查完整的响应。之内 这个框架，导致肥胖症的能量失调可以看作是互相感知性饱腹感的失败 食物线索在环境中适当反应的演变。这种失败大概会 成为对所谓的“肥胖”环境的重要贡献。研究目的 在本应用中提出的是阐明对基于的因素，对基于的机制的因素和机制 相对于外部食物相关刺激的控制，对食欲行为的内部刺激控制削弱了。 根据我们的实验室和其他地方的最新研究，我们建议环境的能力 提示唤起饮食和物理线索抑制摄入量的能力取决于学习和 记忆。但是，两种类型的提示都涉及依赖不同类型的学习和记忆过程 与抑制作用相比，不同的大脑结构和电路涉及进化 和完整的行为。我们计划进行的研究将评估特定，机械和可测试的研究 说明如何消耗高饱和脂肪和糖的饮食（又称“西方饮食”（WD））的帐户如何 干扰海马的功能和生理学（一种大脑结构，通过学习和 记忆）。这些干扰降低了内部饱腹感信号抑制饮食行为的能力 与食物有关的环境中的信号。在本应用程序中计划的研究将提高有关 该机制的操作以及其神经底物在雄性和雌性大鼠中的操作，将 研究该模型对可以防止超过摄入量和身体的干预措施的含义 消耗WD后体重增加并恢复正常的调节功能。