Endogenous neural activity: neurophysiology, optical imaging, fMRI, and behavior.

内源性神经活动：神经生理学、光学成像、功能磁共振成像和行为。

• 批准号: 9388361
• 负责人: ANIRUDDHA DAS
• 金额: $ 47.86万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-01 至 2019-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9388361
• 关键词: Animal Model; Animals; Arousal; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Attentional deficit; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Blood Pressure; Brain; Brain region; Complex; Cues; Discrimination; Disease; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Equilibrium; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Heart Rate; Human; Image; Individual; Knowledge; Link; Macaca; Measurement; Measures; Mental disorders; Methods; Modality; Monkeys; Mydriasis; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Process; Pupil; Reporting; Research; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Series; Signal Transduction; Site; Spatial Distribution; Specificity; Stimulus; Structure; Sum; Systemic blood pressure; Testing; Time; Visual; Visual attention; Work; alertness; arteriole; base; cognitive function; exhaustion; experimental study; hemodynamics; human model; insight; neglect; nervous system disorder; neural correlate; neural patterning; neurophysiology; optical imaging; prevent; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; sustained attention; visual processing; visual stimulus; ward

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We have recently identified a type of neural activity that reflects the subject's engagement in a task. This task- related activity, which we have measured using both intrinsic-signal optical imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging, is independent of external visual stimuli and is, instead, linked to internal brain states such as arousal and endogenous attention. Here, we propose a series of experiments that test several hypotheses about task-related brain activity, using a wide range of neurophysiological methods. Aim 1 will test whether hemodynamic activity (measured with optical imaging or with fMRI) can be separated into a linear sum of neurally distinct stimulus-evoked and task-related components. Aim 2 will test whether the task-related component is widespread but possibly a function of task modality (e.g. visual vs. auditory) and not spatially global. Aim 3 will test whether the task-related component reflects the degree of engagement (a form of arousal or attention) and is thus a function of reward, difficulty and timing. The endogenous processes that we propose to investigate are implicated a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. For example, individuals with ADHD demonstrate a wide variety of attentional deficits, but their most pronounced deficits are related to "sustained attention", i.e., maintaining a steady level of performance on an infrequent task over a prolonged period of time. It is likely that the task-related component that we are proposing to study is related to sustained attention, and knowledge gained from the proposed experiments may provide insights into ADHD and related disorders.

 描述（由适用提供）：我们最近确定了一种反映对象参与任务的神经元活动。这种与任务相关的活动是我们使用固有信号光学成像和功能磁共振成像进行了测量的，它独立于外部视觉刺激，而是与诸如唤醒和内源性注意的内部大脑状态相关的。在这里，我们提出了一系列测试目标1的实验1将使用多种神经生理学方法测试与任务相关的大脑活动。 AIM 1将测试与任务相关的组件是否广泛，但可能是任务模式的函数（例如，视觉与听觉），而不是空间全局。 AIM 3将测试与任务相关的组件是否反映了参与程度（一种唤醒或注意力的形式），因此是奖励，困难和时机的函数。我们建议研究的内源性过程暗示着各种神经系统和精神疾病。例如，患有多动症的个体表现出各种注意力缺陷，但是他们最明显的缺陷与“持续注意力”有关，即在长时间的时间内保持不经常任务的稳定表现。我们建议研究的与任务相关的组成部分可能与持续的关注有关，并且从提出的实验中获得的知识可能会提供对ADHD和相关疾病的见解。