Emerging relations between attention and negative affect in the first two years of life

生命头两年注意力与负面情绪之间的新关系

• 批准号: 9673285
• 负责人: Kristin A Buss
• 金额: $ 21.74万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-07 至 2021-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9673285
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Age-Months; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Biological; Biological Markers; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Complex; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Effectiveness; Electroencephalogram; Environment; Eye; Foundations; Growth; Heart; Individual; Individual Differences; Infant; Life; Link; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Methods; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Negative Valence; Parents; Pattern; Physiological; Play; Population; Predisposing Factor; Predisposition; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychosocial Stress; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Research Personnel; Rest; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk Marker; Role; Shapes; Sinus Arrhythmia; Site; Social Functioning; Stimulus; Symptoms; System; Temperament; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Visual attention; Withdrawal; Work; anxious; anxious behavior; attentional bias; biopsychosocial; cognitive system; contextual factors; design; emotion regulation; experience; infancy; information processing; maternal anxiety; negative affect; neural circuit; psychosocial; relating to nervous system; respiratory; response; social; stressor; symptomatology; trait

Project Summary The adult and child clinical literature suggests that individuals who are clinically anxious or have high levels of trait anxiety show attention biases to threat. In addition, when these attention biases are experimentally manipulated in the lab, researchers can exacerbate or ameliorate levels of anxious thought and behavior. This has led researchers to argue that attention biases to threat may cause anxiety. However, the degree to which threat-related attention bias represents a down-stream result of ongoing anxiety or an early-emerging predisposing factor implicated in the risk for the development of anxiety disorders remains unclear. The studies highlighting the effectiveness of attention manipulation take a mechanistic view of the relation between attention and affect and are important proof of concept. However, they cannot elucidate how these information-processing biases actually develop over the course of childhood. Affect biased attention, the predisposition to preferentially attend to affective stimuli, may “tune” initial attentional filters to seek out and identify threat, biasing subsequent information processing and behavioral enactment and serving as a foundational form of emotion regulation. Anxious adults and children show attention biases to threat, early temperament is associated with elevated levels of negative affect and anxiety, and normative patterns of preferential attention to threat are evident as early as the first year of life. However, we know little concerning how these inter-relations appear and change over time since much of the attention-affect literature (1) has focused on adult clinically-defined populations, (2) does not systematically assess both constructs across multiple tasks and contexts, and (3) rarely takes a developmental view that examines core mechanisms as they emerge in infancy and differentiate between normative patterns and patterns associated with specific risk factors. The current longitudinal study will employ three eye-tracking tasks that capture core components of attention in infants assessed at five time-points from 4 to 24 months of age. In addition, we will implement a rich assessment of temperamental negative affect, which is associated with the later emergence of anxiety and social withdrawal. Finally, we will assess known biopsychosocial markers of risk that probe neural (EEG), and parasympathetic (RSA) mechanisms. We will also examine moderating parent-centered mechanisms of socioemotional development. This line of research reflects the focus in the Research Domain Criteria on integrating multilevel mechanisms by examining response to potential threat (negative valence systems), attention patterns (cognitive systems) and early patterns of affect across varying socioemotional contexts (negative valence systems and social processes). We also go to the heart of NIMH's Objective 2, by characterizing trajectories of neural and behavioral development in order to identify clinically useful indicators of change across illness trajectories.

项目摘要 成人和儿童临床文献表明，临床上焦虑或高水平的个人 特质动画的关注偏向威胁。另外，当这些注意力偏见是实验的 在实验室中操纵，研究人员可以加剧或改善焦虑的思想和行为水平。这 导致研究人员认为，关注偏见可能会引起焦虑。但是，在以上的程度 与威胁有关的关注偏见代表了持续焦虑或早期出现的下游结果 在动画障碍发展风险中实施的诱发因素尚不清楚。研究 强调注意操纵的有效性具有对这种关系的机械观点 注意和影响，是重要的概念证明。但是，他们无法阐明这些 信息处理偏见实际上是在童年时期的发展。影响偏见的关注， 优先参加情感刺激的倾向，可以“调整”初始注意力过滤器，以寻求和 确定威胁，偏见随后的信息处理和行为颁布，并用作 情绪调节的基础形式。焦虑的成年人和儿童表现出对威胁的关注偏见，早期 气质与负面影响和焦虑水平升高以及正常模式有关 对威胁的优先关注早在生命的第一年就可以证据。但是，我们对 这些相互关系如何随着时间而变化，因为许多注意力影响文献（1）具有 （2）专注于成人临床定义的人群，并未系统地评估两种结构 多个任务和上下文，（3）很少有发展视图，将核心机制视为 它们在婴儿期出现，并区分与特定风险相关的正常模式和模式 因素。当前的纵向研究将采用三项捕获核心组成部分的眼睛追踪任务 在4到24个月大的五个时间点评估的婴儿中注意。此外，我们将实施 对温度负面影响的丰富评估，这与动画的后来出现有关 社交退出。最后，我们将评估探测神经（EEG）和 副交感神经（RSA）机制。我们还将检查以父母为中心的机制 社会情感发展。这项研究线反映了研究领域标准的重点 通过检查对潜在威胁的反应（负价系统），整合多级机制， 注意力模式（认知系统）和各种社会情感环境中影响的早期情感模式 （负价系统和社会过程）。通过 表征神经和行为发展的轨迹，以确定临床上有用的指标 跨疾病轨迹的变化。