Neuroeconomic investigation of craving in opioid addiction

阿片类药物成瘾渴望的神经经济学研究

• 批准号: 9404200
• 负责人: Anna Borisova Konova
• 金额: $ 0.18万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9404200
• 关键词: Alcohols; Arousal; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Clinical; Cocaine Dependence; Cognitive; Corpus striatum structure; Crossover Design; DSM-V; Decision Making; Development; Disease; Dopamine; Drug Addiction; Drug Metabolic Detoxication; Drug usage; Economics; Emotional; Emotions; Event; Fellowship; Food; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gambling; Human; Hybrids; Individual; Intervention; Investigation; Link; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Moods; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Nicotine; Obesity; Opiate Addiction; Opioid; Organism; Patient Self-Report; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacology; Physiological; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychologist; Randomized; Reporting; Research; STEM research; Signal Transduction; Smoker; Specificity; Stimulus; Stress; Supervision; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Training; Treatment outcome; Work; addiction; base; behavior influence; cognitive task; contingency management; craving; design; experience; experimental study; improved; indexing; neural circuit; neural correlate; neuroeconomics; neurofeedback; neurotransmission; new therapeutic target; novel; opioid use disorder; programs; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; therapeutic target; therapy development; tool; treatment strategy

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application describes a focused 3-year training plan that will enable me, a psychologist with background in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of cocaine addiction, to initiate clinical neuroscience research employing tools from neuroeconomics, an emerging field that combines neuroscience and economics to understand how people or the brain make decisions. Supervised by neuroeconomics (Dr. Glimcher) and addiction (Dr. Ross) experts, the current proposal aims to test how craving might bias addicted individuals' decisions toward drug use and away from other courses of action. Craving is the intense desire for a specific drug and is thought to increase behavioral indices of its subjective value (SV). The underlying mechanism of this influence, however, has not been determined. The overlap in the neural circuits that represent craving and those involved in the computation and comparison of SVs when making a choice, such as the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, raises the possibility that craving might bias decisions towards the drug by increasing neural activity in this circuit specifically associated with the drug's SV. n alternative view stemming from research on incidental emotions suggests that craving could also influence decisions by nonspecific effects in this circuit, such that mood states that accompany craving or perhaps craving itself, might modify category- independent SVs (those related as well as unrelated to the drug of choice). To test which of these mechanisms is at play and its underlying neurobiological basis, opioid users undergoing a detoxification program, in whom craving and mood states are expected to be particularly variable, will first complete repeated testing sessions where they will rate their level of craving and mood, provide physiological measures of arousal, and make hypothetical decisions on tasks designed to establish the SV of drug-related (e.g., different amounts of the drug, drug paraphernalia) and drug-unrelated items (e.g., consumer goods such as event tickets, DVDs, accessories, etc. and food). This design will allow for testing the specificity of craving's influence on SVs [as compare with other mood states and as a function of the types of items being evaluated (drug-related, drug-unrelated)]. Detoxified subjects will then complete fMRI following experimentally induced craving or a neutral condition in a randomized, crossover design. During fMRI, subjects will perform a novel "hybrid" decision making task that intersperses craving (symptom-capture) and similar decision (cognitive-task-based) trials. Given that craving will be manipulated directly, ths latter component will allow for testing, in a causal manner, how real-time craving influences neural signals that track the two types of SVs. If successful, results of this proposal may help advance our understanding of drug addiction by linking a specific neural computation to the occurrence of a specific symptom. Results may also help identify new therapeutic targets (drug-related SVs and their neural correlates) amenable to pharmacological and behavioral interventions and inform treatment development aimed at reversing the specific decision biases caused by fluctuations in craving.

 描述（应用程序提供）：本应用程序描述了一项重点的3年培训计划，该计划将使我能够成为可卡因成瘾功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）背景的心理学家，以启动临床神经科学研究，采用神经经济学的工具，是一种结合神经科学和经济学领域的工具，可以结合神经科学和经济学领域，以了解神经科学领域，以理解如何使人们能够做出人们或大脑的决策。由神经经济学（Glimcher博士）和成瘾（Ross博士）专家的监督，目前的提案旨在测试渴望如何使个人对吸毒的决定以及远离其他行动方案的决定。渴望是对特定药物的强烈渴望，被认为会增加其主观价值（SV）的行为指数。但是，尚未确定这种影响的基本机制。代表渴望的神经回路的重叠以及在做出选择时所涉及的计算和比较的重叠，例如纹状体和腹侧前额叶皮层，这会提高渴望可能通过该电路专门与药物SV相关的神经活动来偏向于该药物的渴望决定。 n源于对偶然情绪的研究的替代观点表明，渴望也可能影响该电路中非特异性效应的决策，因此情绪指出归因或可能性渴望的可能性，可能会改变类别 - 独立的SV（与选择药物无关的SV）。要测试这些机制正在发挥作用及其潜在的神经生物学基础，阿片类药物使用了一个正在排毒计划的方法，其中渴望和情绪状态的渴望和情绪状态有望特别可变，将首先完成重复的测试课程，在该课程中，他们将评估其渴望水平和情绪水平，并在设计中提供了种要的药物，以确定了该任务的生理决定，并确定了SV的不同药物，并建立了SV的不同药物。毒品用具）和与毒品无关的物品（例如，消费品，例如事件票，DVD，配件等）。该设计将允许测试渴望对SVS的影响的特异性[与其他情绪状态相比，以及所评估项目类型的函数。 （与药物有关，与药物无关）]。然后，在实验引起的渴望或在随机的交叉设计中进行实验诱导的渴望或中性条件后，排毒的受试者将完成fMRI。在FMRI期间，受试者将执行一项新颖的“混合”决策任务，该任务散布着渴望（症状捕获）和类似的决策（基于认知任务）试验。鉴于渴望将直接操纵，以后的组件将以因果方式进行测试，实时渴望如何影响跟踪两种类型SV的神经元信号。如果成功的话，该提案的结果可能会通过将特定的神经成分与特定症状的发生联系起来，从而有助于提高我们对药物添加的理解。结果还可能有助于确定可与药物和行为干预措施相应的新的治疗靶标（与药物相关的SV及其神经复原酯），并为旨在逆转渴望波动引起的特定决策偏见的治疗开发提供了信息。