Expect Respect Middle School: Preventing Serious and Lethal Violence Among Youth with Prior Violence Exposure

期待尊重中学：预防曾接触过暴力的青少年发生严重和致命的暴力

• 批准号: 9792364
• 负责人: Elizabeth Miller
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9792364
• 关键词: Expect; Respect; Middle; Preventing; Serious

This cluster-randomized school-based study will examine the effectiveness of a teen dating violence (TDV) and sexual violence (SV) prevention program for preventing serious violence perpetration among middle school students who have been exposed to violence. “Expect Respect” (ER) gender-specific support groups are for youth with history of exposure to violence including witnessing domestic violence, loss of loved one to homicide, TDV, and SV victimization, who are thus at elevated risk for TDV/SV and other violence perpetration. ER is a theory- and research-informed program intended to alter norms condoning violence and rigid gender expectations that foster violence perpetration, promote bystander intervention (i.e., give youth skills to interrupt disrespectful and abusive behaviors they witness among peers), and reduce TDV/SV perpetration. Implemented by trained facilitators, the 24-session curriculum focuses on gender equity and respect, recognizing abuse and impact on self and others, regulating emotions, skills for healthy relationships, and becoming active proponents for safe and healthy relationships. The study focuses on middle school students because the prevalence of witnessing and experiencing harmful behaviors is already high in middle school as are gender inequitable attitudes, suggesting that efforts to support vulnerable students and to shift attitudes and social norms condoning violence are urgently needed during this developmental period. In a recent controlled evaluation conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), both boys and girls demonstrated significant reductions in reactive and proactive aggression compared to control participants. Given reduction in aggression for both genders, we propose to study this violence prevention program, created to target TDV/SV, for its effectiveness in preventing violence perpetration more broadly including weapon carrying and physical fighting. While the goal is to prevent perpetration of serious violence, we also anticipate reductions in precursors of such violence including sexual harassment, homophobic teasing, and reactive and proactive aggression towards peers. Control schools will provide student support services as usual. Via a 2- arm cluster-randomized trial in 36 middle schools (baseline N =1080), we will evaluate the effectiveness of this support group-based prevention program for vulnerable students on serious violence perpetration (primary outcome), weapon carrying (secondary), positive bystander behaviors (secondary), and suicidality (exploratory) (Aim 1). One year after baseline, we will assess these same outcomes compared to control students (Aim 2). We will explore whether demographics, pre-intervention risk and protective factors (e.g., history of violence, school connectedness), and implementer characteristics may interact with the intervention to predict changes in outcomes of interest (Aim 3). This study is significant because we have too few evidence- based violence prevention programs for any age, none tailored for youth already exposed to violence, and none that directly address multiple violence outcomes including serious and lethal violence.

这项以学校为基础的整群随机研究将检验青少年约会暴力 (TDV) 的有效性以及 性暴力（SV）预防计划，旨在防止中学发生严重暴力行为 “期望尊重”(ER) 性别支持小组是为遭受过暴力的学生而设立的。 有遭受暴力史的青少年，包括目睹家庭暴力、失去亲人 凶杀案、TDV 和 SV 受害，因此他们遭受 TDV/SV 和其他暴力犯罪的风险较高。 ER 是一个以理论和研究为基础的项目，旨在改变纵容暴力和僵化性别的规范 助长暴力实施、促进旁观者干预的期望（即赋予青少年打断的技能） 他们在同伴中目睹的不尊重和虐待行为），并减少 TDV/SV 的犯罪行为。 由训练有素的辅导员实施的 24 节课程重点关注性别平等和尊重、 认识虐待行为以及对自己和他人的影响，调节情绪，培养健康关系的技能，以及 成为安全和健康关系的积极支持者 该研究的重点是中学生。 因为目击和经历有害行为的发生率在中学就已经很高了 是否存在性别不平等的态度，表明支持弱势学生和转变态度的努力 在这个发展时期，迫切需要纵容暴力的社会规范。 由疾病控制和预防中心 (CDC) 对男孩和女孩进行的对照评估 与已证实的对照组参与者相比，反应性和主动性攻击行为显着减少。 鉴于两性的攻击行为均有所减少，我们建议研究这项暴力预防计划，该计划旨在 以 TDV/SV 为目标，因为它能有效防止更广泛的暴力行为，包括武器 虽然我们的目标是防止发生严重暴力行为，但我们也预计会发生这种情况。 减少此类暴力的前兆，包括性骚扰、仇视同性恋的戏弄以及反应性和 控制学校将照常通过 2- 提供学生支持服务。 ARM 在 36 所中学进行整群随机试验（基线 N = 1080），我们将评估该试验的有效性 支持针对弱势学生实施严重暴力行为的团体预防计划（小学 结果）、携带武器（次要）、积极的旁观者行为（次要）和自杀倾向 （探索性）（目标 1）。基线一年后，我们将评估与对照相比的相同结果。 我们将探讨人口统计、干预前风险和保护因素（例如， 暴力史、学校联系）和实施者特征可能与干预相互作用 预测感兴趣的结果的变化（目标 3）。这项研究很重要，因为我们的证据太少了。 针对任何年龄段的暴力预防计划，没有针对已经遭受暴力的青少年量身定制的计划，以及 没有一个能够直接解决多种暴力后果，包括严重和致命的暴力。