Real-Time Measurement and Uptake of Carcinogens by Menthol Cigarette Smokers

薄荷醇香烟吸烟者致癌物的实时测量和吸收

• 批准号: 8526429
• 负责人: Stephanie S Buehler
• 金额: $ 63.38万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-26 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8526429
• 关键词: Acute; Address; African American; American; Biological Markers; Camels; Carcinogens; Characteristics; Chemicals; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Color; Communities; Cotinine; Crossover Design; Data; Deposition; Disease; Engineering; Environmental air flow; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act; Flavoring; Goals; Human; Laboratories; Laws; Life; Manufacturer Name; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Menthol; Methods; Minority Groups; Modeling; Paper; Particle Size; Pattern; Performance; Property; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Science; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Social Justice; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoke; Tobacco use; Toxic effect; Toxicity Tests; Toxin; United States Food and Drug Administration; Variant; Work; Youth; addiction; authority; base; cigarette smoking; design; exposed human population; innovation; mortality; non-smoking; particle; preference; programs; racial and ethnic; tool; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Menthol, the only cigarette additive that is actively marketed by manufacturers, is particularly favored by youth and ethnic/racial minorities. There is growing evidence that menthol cigarettes are starter products for youth, impede cessation, increase relapse following cessation and undermine social justice by the incessant targeted marketing of these products to communities of color. Tying menthol cigarette use to increased risk of tobacco-related diseases has been difficult. Generally, epidemiologic studies that have been used to try to make that connection have been inconclusive, whereas laboratory-based studies have been hampered by the inability to get established menthol or non-menthol smokers to use the opposite cigarette style for the extended periods necessary to compare classic measures of toxicity, and results obtained have been mixed. A major reason for this may lie with the commercial cigarettes that were used in these tests. Because cigarettes are so highly engineered, there are likely many differences between menthol and non-menthol cigarettes other than menthol levels. The investigators' previous work has resulted in some intriguing contrasts in menthol and non-menthol cigarettes, but it cannot be known if the differences were the result of the effects of mentholation alone, or the many other possible differences in the properties of commercial cigarettes. To adequately study the effect of mentholation of cigarettes, we need to test cigarettes that differ only in menthol content. The specific aims of this research are to determine the acute effects of smoking cigarettes that are equivalent except for levels of menthol. The over-all goal is to establish methods for testing which are valid without requiring prolonged periods of exposure and compliance with long-duration protocols. We will therefore characterize a set of cigarettes that are the same except for variation in menthol levels. The cigarettes are a commercial non-menthol cigarette that is mentholated at a low level and a high level, and Camel Crush, a non-menthol cigarette with a small menthol pellet in the filter which, when crushed, releases menthol into the filter. Chemical characterization of the cigarettes will be followed by real-time human toxicity measurements in a within-subjects design, to assess human exposure to select smoke-related toxins/carcinogens. Finally, to generate subject-specific smoke emissions and estimate uptake of smoke- related toxins/carcinogens, a smoking machine will be programmed to smoke the test cigarettes, and smoke emissions of each of the test cigarettes will be compared.

描述（由申请人提供）：Menthol是唯一由制造商积极销售的香烟添加剂，特别受青年和族裔/种族少数民族的青睐。越来越多的证据表明，薄荷香烟是青年的开胃菜，阻碍停止，停止后增加复发，并通过不断针对有针对性的有色人种对有色人种的有针对性的营销来破坏社会正义。很难将薄荷香烟用于增加与烟草相关疾病的风险。通常，用于建立这种联系的流行病学研究尚无定论，而基于实验室的研究无法阻碍建立的薄荷醇或非巨醇吸烟者在比较经典毒性的必要时期使用相反的烟，并获得了相反的烟熏量，并获得了混合的结果。造成这种情况的主要原因可能在于这些测试中使用的商业香烟。由于香烟是如此高的工程，因此除薄荷醇水平以外的薄荷醇和非肉烟卷烟之间可能存在许多差异。研究人员以前的工作导致了薄荷醇和非肉烟卷烟的一些有趣的对比，但是尚不清楚差异是否是仅薄荷的影响的结果，或者是商业香烟特性上的许多其他可能的差异。为了充分研究香烟的覆盖作用，我们需要测试仅在薄荷醇含量上不同的香烟。这项研究的具体目的是确定除薄荷醇含量外，吸烟卷烟的急性影响。总体而言，目标是建立有效的测试方法，而无需长时间的暴露时间和遵守长期规定。因此，我们将表征一组香烟，除了薄荷醇水平的变化外。香烟是一种商业的非投放香烟，在低水平和高水平的薄化和骆驼粉碎机上，骆驼粉是过滤器中带有小薄荷醇颗粒的非投放香烟，当被压碎时，将薄荷片释放到过滤器中。卷烟的化学表征将在受试者内部设计中进行实时人类毒性测量，以评估人类接触选择与烟雾有关的毒素/致癌物。最后，为了产生特定的烟雾排放并估计与烟雾相关的毒素/致癌物的吸收，将对吸烟机进行编程以吸烟，并将每种测试香烟的烟雾排放。