Ambient air pollution and respiratory outcomes in children ages 0-4

环境空气污染与 0-4 岁儿童的呼吸系统结果

• 批准号: 7875341
• 负责人: Lyndsey Darrow
• 金额: $ 7.75万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-15 至 2012-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7875341
• 关键词: 1 year old; 5 year old; Accident and Emergency department; Adult; Age; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Area; Asthma; Bronchiolitis; Bronchitis; Caliber; Carbon; Carbon Monoxide; Chemicals; Child; Childhood; Complement; Databases; Environmental air flow; Epidemiologic Studies; Funding; High Prevalence; Hospitals; Immune system; Individual; Infant; Inorganic Sulfates; Investigation; Life; Light; Lung; Lung diseases; Measurement; Metals; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Nature; Nitrogen Dioxide; Outcome; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Pneumonia; Predisposition; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Risk; Toxic effect; Unspecified or Sulfate Ion Sulfates; Upper Respiratory Infections; Visit; Water; Wheezing; age group; metropolitan; pollutant; public health relevance; respiratory

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Many studies have examined short-term associations between ambient air pollutant concentrations and respiratory morbidity in children, but few have focused explicitly on respiratory disease in the first few years of life when susceptibilities may be greater than in later childhood or adulthood. The proposed study examines relationships between ambient air pollutant concentrations and emergency department visits for specific respiratory conditions in children ages 0-4 years. This epidemiologic investigation leverages an existing database of 12 million emergency department visits collected from 41 Atlanta metropolitan area hospitals between January 1, 1993 and December 31, 2004 as part of previous NIEHS- and EPA-funded projects. The proposed project also takes advantage of daily measurements of speciated particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) to complement the measurements of ambient particulate matter and gaseous pollutants available from USEPA monitors. The availability of daily speciated PM2.5 measurements is a key strength of the proposed study because the toxicity of particulate matter likely varies by chemical composition. These existing, high-quality resources will be used to investigate short-term fluctuations in ambient air pollutant concentrations in relation to several different respiratory outcomes in infants and young children, including asthma, wheeze, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and upper respiratory infection. By focusing on individuals under 5 years of age, results will advance our understanding of the age-specific susceptibilities of young children to the respiratory effects of air pollution. Given the ubiquitous nature of air pollution exposure and the high prevalence of the pediatric respiratory conditions, even a modest increase in risk observed will have important public health implications. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Young children may have age-specific vulnerabilities to the respiratory effects of outdoor air pollution because of their immature lungs and immune systems, outdoor activity patterns, and higher ventilation rate relative to adults. We focus on this understudied age group to describe relationships between ambient air pollutant concentrations and emergency department visits for asthma, wheeze, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, pneumonia and upper respiratory infections in children less than 5 years of age.

描述（由申请人提供）：许多研究已经检查了儿童环境空气污染物浓度和呼吸道发病率之间的短期关联，但在生命的最初几年中，很少有人专注于呼吸系统疾病，当时敏感性可能比儿童期后期或春季大。拟议的研究研究了周围空气污染物浓度与急诊科在0-4岁儿童中的特定呼吸系统访问之间的关系。这项流行病学调查利用了一个现有的数据库，该数据库是从1993年1月1日至2004年12月31日之间从41个亚特兰大大都会地区医院收集的1200万个急诊室就诊，作为先前NIEHS和EPA资助的项目的一部分。拟议的项目还利用了小于或等于直径2.5微米（PM2.5）的指定颗粒物的每日测量，以补充周围环境颗粒物的测量值和USEPA显示器可提供的气态污染物。每日指定的PM2.5测量值是拟议研究的关键强度，因为颗粒物质的毒性可能会因化学组成而有所不同。这些现有的高质量资源将用于研究与婴儿和幼儿的几种不同呼吸结局有关的环境空气污染物浓度的短期波动，包括​​哮喘，喘息，支气管炎，支气管炎，肺炎，肺炎和上呼吸道感染。通过关注5岁以下的个体，结果将使我们对幼儿对年龄特定的敏感性的理解对空气污染的呼吸作用。鉴于空气污染暴露的无处不在性质和小儿呼吸系统疾病的高流行率，即使观察到的风险也适量增加也会产生重要的公共卫生影响。 公共卫生相关性：幼儿可能因其不成熟的肺和免疫系统，室外活动模式以及相对于成年人而言，室外空气污染的呼吸影响特定脆弱性。我们专注于这个研究的年龄段，以描述周围空气污染物浓度与急诊疗法的哮喘，喘息，支气管炎，支气管炎，肺炎，肺炎和上呼吸道感染之间的关系。